研究目的
To evaluate shear bond strength (SBS) of lithium disilicate ceramics (LDC) and resin composite in combination with phototherapy and different ceramic surface treatments.
研究成果
Phototherapy using Er,Cr:YSGG laser at 30Hz and 4.5W can serve as an alternative surface conditioner to HF acid for LDC, showing comparable bond strength. Self-etch ceramic primer provided better bond strength outcomes than phototherapy. The study highlights the potential for reducing the harmful effects of HF acid in clinical settings.
研究不足
The results are applicable only to the specific laser parameters, bonding agents, and ceramic type used. Surface profilometry was not investigated, and more clinical studies are needed to extrapolate findings.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study followed CRIS guidelines for in-vitro studies. Forty LDC disks were fabricated and divided into four groups based on surface treatments: Group 1 (HF acid + Silane), Group 2 (HF acid + Ultrasonic bath + Silane), Group 3 (Self-etch ceramic primer), Group 4 (Er,Cr:YSGG laser + Silane). Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured using a universal testing machine, and failure modes were assessed with a digital microscope and SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Forty Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic (LDC) disks (IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent AG) measuring 4x4x9mm were fabricated using lost wax technique with autopolymerising acrylic resin.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included universal testing machine (Instron Model 4400), digital microscope (Hirox-KH7700), SEM (Philips XL 30), sputter coater (Fine coat ion sputter JFC-1100), automated polishing machine (Aropol 2V), light curing unit (Bluephase?), and Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Biolase-Waterlase I-Plus). Materials included HF acid (IPS ceramic etching gel), silane (Monobond Plus Ceramic primer), self-etch ceramic primer (Monobond, Etch and prime), resin cement (Variolink Esthetic Dual Cure), distilled water, ethyl alcohol, artificial saliva (NeutraSal), and silicon mould.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Specimens were cleaned, polished, and treated according to group protocols. Resin build-up was done and light-cured. Specimens were stored in artificial saliva, thermocycled, and then subjected to SBS testing. Failure modes were analyzed microscopically and with SEM.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using SPSS software with ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test at p<0.05 significance level.
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Scanning Electron Microscope
Philips XL 30
FEI Co.
Used for fractographic analysis of specimens.
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Sputter Coater
Fine coat ion sputter JFC-1100
JEOL Ltd.
Used to gold plate ceramic surfaces for SEM analysis.
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Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic
IPS e.max Press
Ivoclar Vivadent AG
Used as the ceramic material for fabricating disks in the study.
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Universal Testing Machine
Instron Model 4400
Instron Corporation
Used to measure shear bond strength by applying increasing load.
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Digital Microscope
Hirox-KH7700
Hirox
Used to evaluate failure modes of specimens.
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Automated Polishing Machine
Aropol 2V
Arotec
Used to polish the ceramic specimens.
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Light Curing Unit
Bluephase
Ivoclar Vivadent
Used to cure the resin cement.
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Er,Cr:YSGG Laser
Biolase-Waterlase I-Plus
Biolase
Used for phototherapy surface treatment.
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HF Acid
IPS ceramic etching gel
Ivoclar Vivadent
Used for surface conditioning of ceramics.
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Silane
Monobond Plus Ceramic primer
Ivoclar Vivadent
Used as a coupling agent for bonding.
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Self-etch Ceramic Primer
Monobond, Etch and prime
Ivoclar Vivadent
Used as an alternative surface treatment to HF acid.
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Resin Cement
Variolink Esthetic Dual Cure
Ivoclar Vivadent
Used for resin build-up on ceramic disks.
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Distilled Water
Pure Steam Distilled H2O - 1100ml
Innovative Naturopathics
Used for cleaning specimens.
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Ethyl Alcohol
B-Grade Anhydrous Ethyl Alcohol
Used for cleaning specimens.
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Artificial Saliva
NeutraSal
Used for storing specimens before testing.
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Silicon Mould
Used to standardize resin build-up dimensions.
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Digital Calliper
Used to standardize dimensions of specimens.
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