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Bay-Linked Perylenediimides are Two Molecules in One: Insights from Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Temperature Dependence, and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Calculations

DOI:10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11493 期刊:The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 出版年份:2019 更新时间:2025-09-23 15:22:29
摘要: Bay-linked di-perylenediimide (di-PDI) molecules are finding increasing use in organic electronics due to their steric hindrance that 'twists' the two monomer units relative to one another, decreasing molecular aggregation. In this paper we explore the electronic spectroscopy and ultrafast dynamics of the singly-linked β-β-S-di-PDI (2,9'-di(undecan-5-yl)-2',9-di(undecan-6-yl)-[5,5'-bianthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinolin]-1,1',3,3',8,8',10,10'(2H,2'H,9H,9'H)-octaone). Excitation-emission spectroscopy reveals two distinct emitting species, which are further characterized by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), demonstrating that the bay-linked PDI dimers exist in two geometrical conformations. These conformations are an 'open' geometry, where the two monomer sub-units are oriented nearly at right angles, giving them more J-like coupling, and a 'closed' geometry, in which the two monomer sub-units are nearly π-stacked, resulting in more H-like coupling. Given the extent of through-space and through-bond coupling, however, neither di-PDI conformer can be well-described simply in terms of independently-coupled monomers; instead, a full quantum chemistry description is required to understand the electronic structure of this molecule. Temperature-dependent experiments and the TD-DFT calculations indicate that the 'closed' conformer is ~70 meV more stable than the 'open' conformer, so that both conformers are important to the behavior of the molecule at room temperature and above. We use a combination of steady-state and femtosecond transient absorption and emission spectroscopies to globally fit the multiple electronic transitions underlying the spectra of both the 'closed' and 'open' conformers, which agree well with the TD-DFT calculations. The fact that di-PDI molecules are molecular species that adopt two distinct quasi-independent chemical identities has important ramifications for charge trapping and mobility in the organic electronic devices employing these materials.
作者: Erik P. Farr,Matthew T. Fontana,Chen-Chen Zho,Peiqi Wu,Yolanda L. Li,Nicholas Knutson,Yves Rubin,Benjamin J. Schwartz
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To investigate the electronic spectroscopy and ultrafast dynamics of bay-linked di-perylenediimide molecules, focusing on their conformational isomers and coupling mechanisms.

The di-PDI molecule exists in two distinct conformations ('open' and 'closed') with different electronic properties, as confirmed by spectroscopy and TD-DFT. The 'closed' conformer is more stable by ~70 meV and dominates at room temperature, exhibiting H-like spectral features, while the 'open' conformer shows J-like characteristics. Both conformers do not interconvert on excited-state timescales, and their presence has implications for charge trapping in optoelectronic devices. Full quantum chemistry is needed to describe the electronic structure due to significant through-bond coupling.

The study is limited to a specific di-PDI molecule with branched alkyl groups; results may not generalize to other derivatives. Cryogenic sample preparation led to concentration uncertainties due to cavitation. The time resolution of Kerr-gating was ~2 ps, which may not capture ultrafast dynamics below this scale. TD-DFT calculations have inherent approximations, and solvent effects were modeled with PCM, which may not fully capture specific interactions.

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