研究目的
To understand the mechanism behind the relaxation using dielectric analysis and correlate other physical properties with structure of the prepared composites of 0.7(BiGdxFe1?xO3)?0.3(PbTiO3).
研究成果
The synthesized samples exhibit rhombohedral symmetry with impurities, high density, frequency and temperature-dependent electrical properties, non-Debye relaxation, and multiferroic behavior with weak ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity. The highest remnant magnetization was for x=0.05, suggesting potential for multifunctional and spintronic device applications.
研究不足
The presence of impurity phases in XRD, high leakage current leading to lossy P-E loops, and the need for higher electric fields for better polarization measurements. Potential areas for optimization include reducing impurities and improving sample purity.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The composites were prepared using a solid-state mixed oxide route at high temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used for structural determination, dielectric spectroscopy for electrical properties, impedance analysis for relaxation mechanisms, and ferroelectric and magnetic measurements for multiferroic properties.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Samples with x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 were synthesized from high-purity oxides (Bi2O3, Fe2O3, Gd2O3, PbO, TiO2). Data were collected at room temperature and various temperatures and frequencies.
3：0, 05, 10, 15, and 20 were synthesized from high-purity oxides (Bi2O3, Fe2O3, Gd2O3, PbO, TiO2). Data were collected at room temperature and various temperatures and frequencies.
List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Agate mortar for grinding, alumina crucible for calcination, hydraulic press for pellet formation, LCR meter (M/S Hioki-3532) for dielectric measurements, advanced ferroelectric tester (M/S Marine India) for P-E loops, VSM (model: Lakeshore 7410) for M-H loops, and X-ray diffractometer for XRD.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Oxides were mixed and ground, calcined at 800°C for 5h, pressed into pellets at 3×10^6 Pa, sintered at 850°C for 5h, coated with gold or silver for measurements, and characterized using XRD, dielectric spectroscopy, impedance analysis, P-E loops, and M-H loops.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
XRD data analyzed for phase identification using JCPDS references, dielectric parameters studied with temperature and frequency, impedance data fitted to models for relaxation, and hysteresis loops analyzed for ferroelectric and magnetic properties.
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