研究目的
To compare the RETeval sensor strip and Dawson-Trick-Litzkow (DTL) electrodes for recording the photopic negative response (PhNR) using a portable electroretinogram (ERG) device in eyes with and without glaucoma.
研究成果
Sensor strip electrodes are a viable alternative to DTL electrodes for recording PhNR, particularly when normalized to the b-wave, due to comparable repeatability and ease of use. However, DTL electrodes provide better signal quality and are preferable in cases of low amplitudes or high noise. Future studies should investigate measurement limits in advanced disease and longitudinal changes.
研究不足
The sample size was small, especially for advanced glaucoma cases, limiting the ability to detect measurement 'floor' effects. Electrode repeatability was not assessed in glaucoma participants, which might differ from controls. The sensor strip had lower signal-to-noise ratio, requiring more sweeps for equivalent SNR, potentially lengthening test time.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study compared two types of electrodes (RETeval sensor strip and DTL) for recording PhNR using the LKC RETeval device. Participants included healthy controls and glaucoma/glaucoma-suspect individuals. ERGs were recorded in random order with each electrode type. Stimuli were brief red flashes on a blue background. Signal analysis involved offline processing with MATLAB, including filtering, detrending, artifact removal, and parameter extraction (e.g., amplitude, implicit time, SNR).
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
26 control participants (mean age 52 years) and 31 glaucoma/glaucoma-suspect participants were recruited from specific clinics. Exclusion criteria included poor visual acuity, recent eye surgery, diabetes, and other eye conditions. Data were collected from one eye per participant.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
LKC RETeval device, RETeval sensor strip electrodes, DTL fiber electrodes, gold-cup skin electrodes, topical anesthesia (Alcaine 0.5%), tropicamide 0.5% for pupil dilation, isopropyl alcohol swabs for skin cleaning, International Light Photometer (model ILT-1700) for calibration, MATLAB software for data analysis.
4：5%), tropicamide 5% for pupil dilation, isopropyl alcohol swabs for skin cleaning, International Light Photometer (model ILT-1700) for calibration, MATLAB software for data analysis. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: After skin cleaning and electrode placement (sensor strip on orbital rim or DTL in conjunctival sac with reference/ground electrodes), pupils were dilated. Participants adapted to light, then ERGs were recorded with 100 flashes at 2 Hz. Signals were acquired at 2 kHz sampling frequency.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Raw data were filtered (0.3–300 Hz), detrended, artifacts removed using robust principal component analysis, and averaged. Parameters (a-wave, b-wave, PhNR amplitudes and implicit times, PhNR/b-wave ratio, SNR) were extracted. Statistical analysis included paired t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and coefficient of repeatability calculation.
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International Light Photometer
ILT-1700
International Light Technologies
Used for calibrating photopic luminance in the ERG setup.
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RETeval
Not specified
LKC Technologies Inc.
Portable electroretinogram device used for recording ERGs, including PhNR, with capabilities for full-field stimulation and signal acquisition.
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Sensor Strip
Not specified
LKC Technologies Inc.
Self-adhesive electrode strip containing active, reference, and ground electrodes for easy application in ERG recordings.
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DTL Electrode
22/1 dtex
Shieldex Trading
Conductive fiber electrode placed in the lower conjunctival sac for ERG recordings, providing high signal quality.
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Gold-cup Skin Electrode
Not specified
Grass Technologies, Astro-Med Inc.
Used as reference and ground electrodes in the DTL setup, placed on the temple and forehead.
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MATLAB
R2016b
MathWorks
Software used for offline signal processing, including filtering, detrending, artifact removal, and data analysis of ERG signals.
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Humphrey Field Analyser
Not specified
Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc.
Used for visual field testing in glaucoma diagnosis.
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Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Spectralis or RS-3000 Advance
Heidelberg Engineering or NIDEK
Used for measuring retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in participants.
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Alcaine
0.5%
Alcon Laboratories
Topical anesthesia used before placing DTL electrodes.
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Mydriacyl
0.5%
Alcon Laboratories
Tropicamide used for pupil dilation before ERG recordings.
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