研究目的
To address the internal calibration strategy for future digital beamforming SAR instruments and detail the implementation of a dedicated calibration simulator software.
研究成果
The paper presents a calibration strategy that allows for uninterrupted SAR operation and on-board error correction, with a simulator tool (CalSim) implemented to assess and optimize calibration performance under realistic conditions.
研究不足
The calibration concept is of limited sensitivity to variations within the chirp bandwidth, and the performance may differ for reflector-based systems compared to planar antenna systems.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The paper describes a calibration concept using a single-tone signal (cal-tone) injected into the receive path without interrupting SAR operation, leveraging digital hardware for on-board correction. It involves modeling the instrument hardware with object-oriented classes to simulate imperfections and calibration algorithms.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Not specified in the paper.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Includes components such as Transmit/Receive Modules (TRMs), Radio Frequency Units (RFUs), Digital Beamforming Units (DBUs), Central Electronics (CE), and a calibration simulator software (CalSim).
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The calibration process involves injecting a cal-tone signal, routing it through different paths in the TRMs, digitizing and processing signals in DBUs, applying digital beam-forming, and using simulation to assess performance.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The simulator calculates phase and amplitude errors over time, frequency, and temperature, and assesses residual errors after calibration using real-time correction algorithms.
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Transmit/Receive Module
TRM
Amplification and phase/amplitude setting of signals in the SAR system.
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Radio Frequency Unit
RFU
Amplification, filtering, and downconversion of signals to IF.
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Digital Beamforming Unit
DBU
Digitization, filtering, multiplication by digital weights, and calibration computations.
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Central Electronics
CE
Combining and digitizing signals for storage.
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Signal Storage and Memory Module
SSMM
Storage of digitized signals.
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Field-Programmable Gate Array
FPGA
Implementation of digital processing, filtering, and calibration algorithms.
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Analog-to-Digital Converter
ADC
Digitization of analog signals.
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Digital-to-Analog Converter
DAC
Conversion of digital signals to analog.
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Low-Noise Amplifier
LNA
Amplification of received signals with low noise.
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Calibration Simulator
CalSim
Simulation of instrument hardware and calibration processes to assess performance.
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