1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

A temperature-controlled melting method was developed for immobilizing TiO2 powders on EPS balls. Characterization methods included SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR, and TGA. Photocatalytic activity was tested using methylene blue degradation under UV and solar light irradiation.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

EPS balls with a diameter of 1 cm were used. TiO2 powders were dispersed in glycerine. Methylene blue solutions of different concentrations were prepared for degradation tests.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included SEM (JEOL JSM-6390), EDS (Oxford ISIS), XRD (Rigaku D/MAX 2500H), FTIR (Thermo Nicolet 5700), TGA (Mettler Toledo SDTA 851e), ultrasonic cleaner (POWERSONIC 420, Hwashin Tech), UV lamp (Hg lamp 254 nm and 15 W), and solar light source. Materials included TiO2 powders, EPS balls, glycerine, methylene blue, and nanopure water.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

TiO2 suspension was prepared and heated; EPS balls were soaked in the suspension, then cooled in cold water, rinsed with an ultrasonic cleaner, and air-dried. Characterization analyses were performed on intact and TiEPS balls. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was monitored over time under irradiation.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data from SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR, and TGA were analyzed to assess embedding and structural changes. Degradation of methylene blue was quantified by concentration measurements.