1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study integrates fluorescence imaging and electrochemical biosensing using DNA-AgNCs as dual-signal probes. ITO electrodes are used as substrates due to their light transmittance and conductivity. A sandwich-like structure is formed with AS1411 aptamer for cell capture and anti-MUC1 antibody conjugated with DNA-AgNCs for labeling.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

MCF-7 breast cancer cells are used as the model, with control cells including HepG2, MDA-MB-231, and L-02. Cells are cultured in DMEM or RPMI-1640 medium.

3：Cells are cultured in DMEM or RPMI-1640 medium. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Includes ITO electrodes, oligonucleotides (e.g., SH-DNA, AS1411), chemicals (e.g., AgNO3, NaBH4), antibodies (anti-MUC1), cells (MCF-7, HepG2, etc.), and equipment like confocal microscope (LSM 710, Zeiss), electrochemical workstation (CHI-660C), and ultrafiltration centrifuge tubes.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Steps involve preparation of DNA-AgNCs, functionalization of ITO electrodes with AS1411 aptamer, cell capture, labeling with CADA (composite of anti-MUC1 and DNA-AgNCs), fluorescence imaging using confocal microscopy, and electrochemical detection using linear sweep voltammetry.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Fluorescence intensity is analyzed with ImageJ software; electrochemical data is processed using the CHI-660C workstation; cell viability is assessed via MTT assay and UV-vis spectrometry.