1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved synthesizing TiO2 photocatalysts using three different sol-gel methods (TiV, TiCh, TiB) with variations in calcination temperatures (400°C, 500°C, 600°C). Photocatalytic activity was assessed through degradation of RR45 and AB25 dyes under UV irradiation in a batch reactor. Characterization techniques included FTIR, XRD, SEM, and UV/Vis spectroscopy to analyze crystal structure, morphology, and band gap.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

TiO2 samples were synthesized from precursors like tetra-n-butyl titanate, with dyes RR45 and AB25 used as pollutants. Deionized water was purified using a Merck Millipore system.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included Perkin-Elmer Spectrum One FT-IR spectrometer, Ocean Optics USB 2000+ Spectrometer, Tescan Vega 3 SEM, ItalStructures APD 2000 X-ray diffractometer, UVP Pen-Ray lamp, Perkin Elmer Lambda EZ 201 spectrophotometer, Shimadzu TOC-VCPN 5000 A TOC analyzer. Materials included hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, ethanol, tetra-n-butyl titanate, didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, RR45 and AB25 dyes.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Synthesis involved specific steps for each method, including mixing, hydrolysis, aging, drying, and calcination. Photocatalytic tests involved stirring in dark for adsorption equilibrium, followed by UV irradiation, sampling at intervals, filtration, and analysis using UV/Vis and TOC measurements. Consecutive cycles were performed to assess catalyst stability.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data were analyzed using the Kubelka-Munk equation for band gap calculation, Scherrer equation for crystallite size, and degradation efficiency calculated as (A0 - A)/A0 * 100%. TOC values were used to measure mineralization.