1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

Glass samples with composition (30-x) CaO – 05 Y2O3 – 10 B2O3 – 55 P2O5: x NiO (x=0 to 0.5 mol%) were synthesized using conventional rapid melt quenching method. Various characterization techniques were employed, including differential thermal analysis, thermoluminiscence, optical absorption, photoluminescence, ionic conductivity, and dielectric dispersion studies.

2：5 mol%) were synthesized using conventional rapid melt quenching method. Various characterization techniques were employed, including differential thermal analysis, thermoluminiscence, optical absorption, photoluminescence, ionic conductivity, and dielectric dispersion studies. Sample Selection and Data Sources:

2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: Samples were prepared with different NiO concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 mol%) using analytical grade powders of CaO, Y2O3, B2O3, P2O5, and NiO.

3：1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mol%) using analytical grade powders of CaO, Y2O3, B2O3, P2O5, and NiO. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment includes a programmed automatic temperature furnace, agate mortar, brass mould, muffle furnace, Ohaus digital balance, SHIMADZU XRD-7000, S-3700N (Hitachi) SEM, DTG-60H, thermoluminiscence reader (nucleonix systems), JASCO Model V-670 UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer, Edinburgh Instruments FLSP 920 system, ultrasonic piezoelectric crystal oscillator, LCR Meter (Hewlett-Packard Model-4263B), and KEITHLY Electrometer model 6514. Materials include CaO, Y2O3, B2O3, P2O5, and NiO powders.

4：Materials include CaO, Y2O3, B2O3, P2O5, and NiO powders. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Powders were mixed, melted at 1120-1150°C for 1 hour, poured into a brass mould, annealed at 380°C with a cooling rate of 5°C/min, and optically refined to dimensions of 1cm x 1cm x 0.2cm. Measurements included density, XRD, SEM, EDS, DTA, thermoluminiscence, optical absorption, photoluminescence, elastic properties, DC and AC conductivity, and dielectric properties.

5：2cm. Measurements included density, XRD, SEM, EDS, DTA, thermoluminiscence, optical absorption, photoluminescence, elastic properties, DC and AC conductivity, and dielectric properties. Data Analysis Methods:

5. Data Analysis Methods: Data were analyzed using specific formulas for physical properties (e.g., polaron radius, optical basicity), elastic moduli, trap depth parameters, optical band gap, nephelauxetic ratio, emission cross section, transition probability, and dielectric parameters. Statistical analysis and software tools were not specified.