研究目的
Investigating the effects of biaxial orientation on the mechanical and optical properties and shrinkage of polyamide 6-66–montmorillonite–nanosilica nanocomposite ?lms.
研究成果
Biaxial stretching induces balanced mechanical properties and equal shrinkage in MD and TD, while uniaxial stretching enhances properties in MD but reduces them in TD. Stretching decreases optical transmittance and increases haze due to elongated nanostructures of fillers. Nano?llers reduce thermal shrinkage by inhibiting polymer chain mobility. The findings provide insights for improving polymer nanocomposite films in packaging applications.
研究不足
The study is limited to laboratory-scale stretching and specific material compositions; results may not fully translate to industrial processes or other nanocomposite systems. Potential optimizations include exploring different stretching conditions or filler types.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved fabricating PA6-66–MMT–NS nanocomposite films via a cast film process and subjecting them to uniaxial or biaxial stretching using a laboratory biaxial stretcher to investigate the effects on microstructure and properties. Methods included TEM, DSC, WAXS, FTIR, tensile testing, thermal shrinkage measurement, and optical property analysis.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Samples were prepared from PA6-66, MMT, and NS materials, with specific weight ratios (95 phr PA6-66, 3 phr MMT, 2 phr NS). Data were collected from experimental measurements on these films.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included a corotating twin extruder, casting extruder, laboratory biaxial stretcher, TEM (JEOL 1230), DSC (Q20 instrument), WAXS (Xeuss 2.0 system), FTIR (Nicolet 6700), universal material tester (CMT-2202), and optical tester (WGT-S). Materials included PA6-66 (Ultramide C33 from BASF Co.), MMT (Nanomer I.34TCN from Nanocor, Inc.), and NS (Aerosil R202 from Evonik Industries AG).
4：0 system), FTIR (Nicolet 6700), universal material tester (CMT-2202), and optical tester (WGT-S). Materials included PA6-66 (Ultramide C33 from BASF Co.), MMT (Nanomer I.34TCN from Nanocor, Inc.), and NS (Aerosil R202 from Evonik Industries AG). Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Pellets were compounded using a twin extruder, cast into films, stretched at 120°C with specified ratios (e.g., 3×1 for uniaxial, 3×2 for biaxial), annealed at 160°C, and analyzed using various techniques to assess nanostructure, crystallization, orientation, mechanical properties, optical properties, and thermal shrinkage.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using equations for crystallinity (Xc = ΔHf / [(1-ψ)ΔHf^0]) and thermal shrinkage (Shrinkage = (Li - Lf)/Li × 100%), with statistical methods implied from multiple replicas in tensile tests.
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transmission electron microscope
JEOL 1230
JEOL
Examining the nanostructure of samples.
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Fourier transform infrared spectrometer
Nicolet 6700
Thermo Electron Co.
Measuring FTIR spectra to analyze molecular orientation.
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corotating twin extruder
Compounding the polymer and nano?llers into pellets.
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casting extruder
Extruding the melt to form cast films.
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laboratory biaxial stretcher
Stretching the films uniaxially or biaxially.
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differential scanning calorimeter
Q20
TA Instruments Co.
Recording DSC scans to analyze thermal properties.
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wide-angle X-ray scattering system
Xeuss 2.0
Xenocs SA
Performing WAXS measurements to study crystal orientation.
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universal material tester
CMT-2202
SUNS Co.
Conducting tensile tests to measure mechanical properties.
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optical tester
WGT-S
Shanghai Precision and Scientific Instrument Co.
Measuring transmittance and haze of films.
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