研究目的
To prepare and evaluate C,N-doped TiO2 monoliths with hierarchical porosity for efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants under visible light in both batch and continuous flow processes.
研究成果
C,N-doped TiO2 monoliths calcined at 350°C exhibit optimal properties with high visible light absorption, hierarchical porosity, and efficient photocatalytic activity, enabling complete discoloration of Orange G dye under visible light in both batch and flow modes. These monoliths show great potential for sustainable wastewater treatment applications, offering advantages over nanoparticle-based systems in terms of handling and continuous operation.
研究不足
The study is limited to laboratory-scale experiments with a specific dye (Orange G); scalability to industrial applications and performance with other pollutants are not addressed. The mechanical stability and long-term durability of the monoliths under continuous flow conditions require further investigation. The specific mechanisms of C and N doping and their exact roles in photocatalysis could be more deeply explored.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The synthesis involved a one-pot method combining sol-gel chemistry with spinodal decomposition to create hierarchical macro-/mesoporous structures. Thermal treatments were optimized for crystallization and doping.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Materials were synthesized using titanium isopropoxide, N-methylformamide, poly(ethylene oxide), and hydrochloric acid. Photocatalytic tests used Orange G dye as a model pollutant.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included autoclaves for solvothermal treatment, muffle furnaces for calcination, SEM and XRD for characterization, UV-Vis spectrometers for optical analysis, and HPLC pumps for flow experiments. Materials included chemicals from Sigma Aldrich and molds for monolith shaping.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The sol was prepared at 0°C, transferred to molds, gelated at 40°C for 24h, condensed at 60°C for 24h, treated solvothermally at 200°C in isopropanol, dried, and calcined at temperatures from 250 to 500°C. Photocatalytic tests were conducted in batch and flow modes under natural and artificial light.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Characterization included XRD for phase analysis, nitrogen sorption for textural properties, DRUV-Vis for optical properties, XPS for surface chemistry, and TGA for thermal stability. Photocatalytic efficiency was measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy to track dye discoloration.
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X-ray diffractometer
Bruker AXS D8
Bruker
Phase identification of TiO2 monoliths
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UV-Vis spectrometer
Lambda 14
PerkinElmer
Diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra recording
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Scanning electron microscope
S-4800 I
Hitachi
Morphology study of monoliths
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X-ray photoelectron spectrometer
ESCALAB 250
Thermo Electron
Surface chemistry analysis
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Titanium(IV) isopropoxide
97%
Sigma Aldrich
Source of titanium for sol-gel synthesis
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N-methylformamide
99%
Sigma Aldrich
Proton scavenger and nitrogen source in synthesis
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Hydrochloric acid
37%
Sigma Aldrich
Acid catalyst in sol formation
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Poly(ethylene oxide)
BioUltra, 20 kDa
Sigma Aldrich
Phase separator in spinodal decomposition
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Nitrogen sorption analyzer
ASAP 2020
Micromeritics
Textural characterization of monoliths
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Thermogravimetric analyzer
Iris TG 209C
Netzsch
Thermal stability analysis
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HPLC pump
Recirculation in flow mode experiments
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Neon lamp
UVP-HPK125
UVP
Artificial visible light source for photocatalysis
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