1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study employed a polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)-assisted sol–gel (PSG) route for synthesizing Ag-functionalized CuWO4/WO3 nanocomposites, with electrophoretic deposition used to prepare thin film photoanodes. Theoretical models included analysis of charge separation and catalytic efficiencies, and impedance measurements.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Samples were synthesized using high-purity chemicals (99%, Sigma-Aldrich), including copper nitrate hydrate, PVP, ammonium metatungstate hydrate, AgNO3, and ethylene glycol. Data were obtained from material characterization and photoelectrochemical measurements.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included a Perkin-Elmer LS-55 for photoluminescence, Bruker Senerra for Raman spectroscopy, Inel EQuniox 3000 for XRD, Perkin Elmer Lambda 40 for UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Seron Technologies AIS2100 for SEM/EDX, Micromeritics ASAP 2010 for N2 physisorption, VersaSTAT 4 potentiostat for PEC measurements, Newport light source for illumination, and Autolab PGSTAT302N for EIS and Mott-Schottky analysis. Materials included FTO glass for electrodes.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Synthesis involved mixing solutions, heating to 95°C, adding AgNO3, aging, drying at 120°C, calcining at 525°C, and electrophoretic deposition. PEC measurements used a three-electrode configuration with Pt wire counter electrode and Ag/AgCl reference electrode in phosphate buffer electrolyte, under AM1.5G illumination. Techniques included LSV, CV, chronoamperometry, EIS, and Mott-Schottky analysis.

5：5G illumination. Techniques included LSV, CV, chronoamperometry, EIS, and Mott-Schottky analysis. Data Analysis Methods:

5. Data Analysis Methods: Data were analyzed using equations for photocurrent density, separation efficiency, catalytic efficiency, and Mott-Schottky plots. Statistical techniques and software tools were not specified.