1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved synthesizing oxygen-deficient MoO3-x and comparing it with pristine MoO3 to evaluate their catalytic performance under different light irradiations (UV-Vis-IR, UV-Vis, IR). Methods included XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, XPS, ESR, Raman spectroscopy, XANES, EXAFS, BET surface area analysis, TPD, photocurrent response, PL spectra, time-resolved PL, in-situ FT-IR, and DFT calculations.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Samples were MoO3 and MoO3-x nanosheets synthesized and characterized as described. Data were obtained from experimental measurements and theoretical simulations.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, electron spin resonance spectrometer, Raman spectrometer, synchrotron radiation source for XAS, BET analyzer, temperature-programmed desorption system, photoelectrochemical station, fluorescence spectrometer, in-situ FT-IR spectrometer, and computational tools for DFT. Materials included MoO3, MoO3-x, and gases like CO2 and H2O.

4：2O. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Synthesis of MoO3-x involved creating oxygen vacancies. Characterization was performed using the listed techniques. Catalytic tests were conducted under light irradiation with measurement of CO and CH4 production. In-situ FT-IR monitored reaction intermediates. DFT calculations simulated reaction pathways.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data were analyzed using standard software for spectroscopy, microscopy, and computational chemistry, with statistical comparisons of catalytic rates and energy barriers.