1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study used a dipping-coating method to modify PVDF membranes with TiO2, aiming to enhance hydrophilicity and photocatalytic activity. Methods included contact angle measurement, SEM, porosity analysis, and decolorization experiments under UV light.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

PVDF flat sheet membranes were purchased, and TiO2 particles were supplied commercially. RB 19 dye was used as the model pollutant in wastewater.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included a goniometer, SEM-EDS, spectrophotometer, peristaltic pump, membrane module, UV lamp, pH meter, and laser particle sizer. Materials included PVDF membrane, TiO2, RB 19 dye, HCl, NaOH, and deionized water.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Membranes were coated with TiO2 solutions (0.1-1.0 g/L) for 5-60 min, rinsed, dried, and characterized. Decolorization experiments were conducted with photocatalytic oxidation, photolysis, and filtration processes under controlled pH, concentration, and time conditions.

5：1-0 g/L) for 5-60 min, rinsed, dried, and characterized. Decolorization experiments were conducted with photocatalytic oxidation, photolysis, and filtration processes under controlled pH, concentration, and time conditions. Data Analysis Methods:

5. Data Analysis Methods: Data were analyzed using expressions for water flux, porosity, and removal efficiency, with statistical analysis implied through repeated measurements and comparisons.