1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved designing D–π–A molecules with a 9,9-dimethylfluorene bridge to achieve HLCT states. Methods included synthesis, theoretical calculations (DFT and TD-DFT), photophysical characterization, thermal analysis, electrochemical measurements, and device fabrication.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Two fluorophores, DFPBI and TFPBI, were synthesized and characterized. Data were obtained from laboratory experiments and computational simulations.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included NMR spectrometer, MALDI-TOF MS, elemental analyzer, UV-vis spectrophotometer, fluorescence spectrophotometer, TGA, DSC, CV setup, and OLED fabrication system. Materials included various chemicals for synthesis and device layers.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Synthesis involved multi-step reactions (e.g., formylation, cyclization, coupling reactions). Characterization included NMR, MS, elemental analysis, absorption/emission spectroscopy, solvatochromic studies, time-resolved fluorescence, thermal analysis, and CV. Devices were fabricated via vacuum deposition and tested for EL performance.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data were analyzed using Gaussian software for calculations, linear fitting for solvatochromic effects, and standard techniques for device performance metrics (e.g., EQE, CIE coordinates).