1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

High-temperature solid-state reaction method under air atmosphere was used to synthesize Na2ZnSiO4:Mn2+ phosphors. Theoretical calculations were performed using density functional theory (DFT) to evaluate site occupancy and formation energy.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Samples were synthesized with varying Mn concentrations (x = 0-0.05) using different Mn sources (MnCO3, Mn2O3, MnO2, KMnO4). Raw materials included Na2CO3 (A.R.), ZnO (99.99%), SiO2 (A.R.), and Mn compounds.

3：05) using different Mn sources (MnCO3, Mn2O3, MnO2, KMnO4). Raw materials included Na2CO3 (A.R.), ZnO (99%), SiO2 (A.R.), and Mn compounds. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Agate mortar for grinding, alumina crucibles for sintering, PAN analytical X'pert Pro X-ray diffractometer (XRD) with Cu Kα radiation, Edinburgh Instruments Ltd Model FLS920 fluorescence spectrometer with xenon lamp or flash pulsed lamp, QE2100 spectrophotometer, FJ-427A TL meter, Bruker A300 EPR spectrometer, Thermo SCIENTIFIC ESCALAB 250Xi XPS microprobe system.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Raw materials were mixed and ground, sintered at 1050°C for 4 hours, cooled to room temperature, and reground. Measurements included XRD for phase identification, PL and PLE spectra, luminescence decay curves, quantum efficiency, TL curves, EPR, and XPS.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

XRD patterns were compared with JCPDS standards. PL and PLE spectra were analyzed for emission and excitation bands. Decay curves were fitted with double exponential equations. DFT calculations used VASP with GGA-PBE functional for energy and structure optimization.