1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involves creating a heterojunction structure between TiO2 nanosilks (NSs) and MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) to form a Type I band alignment for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance. Methods include synthesis of nanomaterials, fabrication of the biosensing device, and application for RNA detection using hybridization with a capture probe.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Exosomes were isolated from serum using an ExoQuick kit, and exosomal RNA (HOTTIP) was extracted using a miRNeasy Micro Kit. Synthetic gene fragments were used for specificity tests.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Instruments include SEM (JEOL JSM-6700F), TEM (JEOL JEM-1400), XRD (Bruker D8 focus), FT-IR (Perkin-Elmer 580B), XPS (ThermoFisher ESCALAB 250), electrochemical workstation (Zahner Zennium PP211), PL spectrometer (Perkin Elmer LS-45/55), UV-vis spectrometer (Perkin-Elmer Lambda 35), and a pressure steam sterilizer (Shanghai ShenAn LDZX-30KBS). Materials include TiO2 NSs, MoS2 QDs, primer probes, and various chemicals like ascorbic acid.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Synthesis of TiO2 NSs and MoS2 QDs, hybridization to form TiO2 NSs@MoS2 QDs, fabrication of the biosensing device on ITO electrodes, incubation with primer probe and HOTTIP, and measurement of photocurrent and power output under visible light irradiation. Regeneration involved heating the anode in ultrapure water.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data were analyzed using electrochemical techniques (i-t and EIS), with parameters fitted using ZSimpWin software. Statistical analysis included calculation of RSD and recovery rates for accuracy and precision.