1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

A two-step synthesis method using ZIF-8 as a precursor to create hollow CuO/ZnO composites with varying Cu/Zn molar ratios (0.1, 0.2, 0.4). The method involves calcination to form the composites and characterization to assess their properties and photocatalytic performance.

2：1, 2, 4). The method involves calcination to form the composites and characterization to assess their properties and photocatalytic performance. Sample Selection and Data Sources:

2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: ZIF-8 was synthesized from zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 2-methylimidazole. CuO/ZnO composites were prepared by adding copper(II) acetate monohydrate to ZIF-8 dispersions, followed by calcination. Tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) was used as the target pollutant for degradation studies.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Chemicals included tetracycline hydrochloride, 2-methylimidazole, copper(II) acetate monohydrate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, methanol. Equipment included X-ray diffractometer (D8 ADVANCE, BRUKER-AXS), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (ESCALAB 250XI, Thermo Fisher Scientific), transmission electron microscope (Tecnai G2 F20 FETEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (ΣIGMA+X-Max20, Carl Zeiss), nitrogen adsorption/desorption analyzer (ASAP2020, Micromeritics Instrument), photoluminescence spectrophotometer (Cary Eclipse, Agilent Technologies), UV-Vis spectrometer (U4100, Hitachi), UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Alpha 1860A, Puyuan), and a 300 W Xe lamp light source with filters for photocatalytic tests.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Synthesis of ZIF-8 involved mixing solutions of zinc nitrate and 2-methylimidazole, stirring, heating, filtering, and drying. CuO and ZnO were synthesized by annealing respective precursors. CuO/ZnO composites were prepared by dispersing ZIF-8 in methanol, adding copper acetate, removing methanol, grinding, and annealing. Characterization included XRD, XPS, TEM, SEM, BET surface area analysis, PL, and UV-Vis DRS. Photocatalytic performance was assessed by adding catalyst to TC solution, achieving adsorption equilibrium in dark, irradiating with visible light, sampling at intervals, centrifuging, and measuring TC concentration with UV-Vis spectrophotometry.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Degradation rate was calculated using the formula DR (%) = (Ct/C0) * 100, where C0 and Ct are concentrations at time 0 and t. Reaction kinetics were analyzed using a first-order model ln(C0/Ct) = kt. Band gap energies were determined from Tauc plots. Statistical analysis of data from repeated experiments was implied for reliability.