1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study used the solid-state reaction method to fabricate Eu3+-modified Bi

2：5Na5TiO3 ceramics, with variations in Eu3+ concentration and sintering temperatures to investigate structural, luminescent, and electrical properties. Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Ceramic samples were prepared with different Eu3+ doping levels (x=0 to

3：04 in (Bi5Na5)1-xEuXTiO3) using raw materials including Bi2O3, Na2CO3, Eu2O3, and TiO2 powders. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included a planetary ball mill (QM-ISP4-CL), X-ray diffractometer (D8 Advance, BRUKER), scanning electron microscope (SEM; Zeiss Ultra 55), fluorescence spectrophotometer (Hitachi F-4600), FLS-920T fluorescence spectrophotometer, quasi-static d33-meter (YE2730, SINOCERA), and precision LCR meter (Agilent E4980A). Materials included alumina balls, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), silver paste, and deionized water.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Raw powders were mixed, ball-milled, pre-sintered at 780-1000°C, reground, pressed into plates, cold-isostatically pressed, calcined, and sintered at 1000-1100°C. Characterization involved XRD, SEM, PL spectra, density measurement, piezoelectric and dielectric property measurements.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data were analyzed using XRD for structural identification, SEM for morphology, PL spectra for luminescence, and LCR meter for electrical properties, with statistical analysis of results such as density and piezoelectric constants.