1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

Solid state reaction (SSR) technique was used for synthesis, with characterization methods including XRD, dielectric measurements, VSM for magnetic properties, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy for optical properties. Theoretical models like Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars equations and Rietveld refinement were employed.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Samples of Zn1-xFexO with x from 0 to 0.07 mol were prepared using analytical grade ZnO and FeO powders from Across.

3：07 mol were prepared using analytical grade ZnO and FeO powders from Across. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment includes Shimadzu XRD model 6000, Agilent LCR meter 4890A, VSM model EV-9 ADE, Perkin-Elmer Lambda 1050 UV/VIS/NIR spectrometer, Perkin-Elmer FTIR spectrophotometer. Materials include ZnO and FeO powders, yttria-stabilized zirconia balls, acetone, oleic acid, PVA binder.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Powders were ball-milled for 24h, dried at 80°C, pressed into pellets, cold isostatically pressed at 300 MPa, and sintered at 1150°C for 2h with controlled heating and cooling rates. Characterization was performed at room temperature.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Rietveld refinement using GSAS-II software for XRD data, fitting with MWS equations for dielectric data, Tauc plot for band gap calculation.