研究目的
To formulate cellulose nanofiber (CNF) or magnetic cellulose nanofiber (mgCNF) dispersed chitosan based edible nanocoating with superior mechanical, thermal, optical and texture properties for food packaging applications.
研究成果
The developed mgCNF-reinforced chitosan nanocoatings exhibit superior mechanical, thermal, optical, and texture properties compared to neat chitosan and CNF-reinforced coatings. They are safe for human consumption with iron content within permissible limits and effectively preserve the quality of cut pineapples, indicating potential for iron-fortified edible food packaging with health benefits.
研究不足
The study focuses on specific loadings of CNF and mgCNF (up to 1.5 wt%) and uses cut pineapples as a model food system; limitations may include scalability of the co-precipitation method, long-term stability of coatings, and applicability to other food types. Optimization could involve exploring higher filler loadings or alternative fabrication methods.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involves the fabrication of magnetic cellulose nanofibers (mgCNF) via a single-step co-precipitation method under inert atmosphere, and the preparation of chitosan-based edible nanocoatings reinforced with CNF or mgCNF using solution casting. The rationale is to develop biocomposite coatings with enhanced properties for edible food packaging.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Materials include CNF (BiNFi-s cellulose), chitosan, FeCl?, FeCl?, NaOH, acetic acid, and buffer solutions. Samples are prepared with varying loadings (0.5, 1, 1.5 wt%) of CNF and mgCNF in chitosan.
3：5, 1, 5 wt%) of CNF and mgCNF in chitosan. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment includes sonicator, hot air drier, Raman spectrometer, XPS spectrometer, XRD diffractometer, FESEM, ICP-MS, microwave digestion system, universal testing machine, TGA, FTIR, UV-Vis spectrometer, color measurement spectrophotometer, texture analyzer. Materials are as listed in the 'Material collection' section.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Steps include mgCNF fabrication via co-precipitation, coating preparation by dissolving chitosan in acetic acid, mixing with fillers, sonication, stirring, casting, drying, and characterization using various techniques for morphological, thermal, mechanical, optical, and texture analysis.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data analysis involves interpreting spectra from Raman, XPS, XRD; morphological images from FESEM; thermal profiles from TGA; mechanical properties from tensile tests; optical data from UV-Vis; color coordinates; and texture firmness measurements.
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XPS Spectrometer
Escalab XI+
Thermo Scientific
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis
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XRD Diffractometer
D8 Advanced Diffractometer
Bruker
X-ray diffraction characterization
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FESEM
Sigma
Zeiss
Field emission scanning electron microscopy for morphology
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ICP-MS
7800 ICP-MS
Agilent Technologies
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for trace element quantification
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Autosampler
SPS4 Autosampler
Agilent Technologies
Autosampling for ICP-MS
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Universal Testing Machine
Autograph AGS-X 1kN
Shimadzu Corporation
Mechanical property measurement
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TGA
TGA-4000
PerkinElmer
Thermogravimetric analysis
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FTIR
IR Affinity-1
Shimadzu
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
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UV-Vis Spectrometer
V-550
JASCO Corporation
Optical property measurement
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Cellulose Nanofiber
BiNFi-s WMa-10002
Sugino Machine, Ltd.
Reinforcement material for edible nanocoatings
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Chitosan
Nacalai Tesque Inc.
Base polymer for edible nanocoatings
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FeCl?
Nacalai Tesque Inc.
Precursor for iron nanoparticles in mgCNF fabrication
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FeCl?
Nacalai Tesque Inc.
Precursor for iron nanoparticles in mgCNF fabrication
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NaOH
Nacalai Tesque Inc.
pH adjustment in mgCNF fabrication
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Acetic Acid
FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation
Solvent for chitosan dissolution
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Freeze Dryer
EYELA FDU-1200
EYELA
Freeze drying of mgCNF samples
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Hot Air Drier
EO-300B
ETTAS, Environmental testing tools by As One Corporation
Drying of cast coatings
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Raman Spectrometer
LabRam HR
Horiba Jobin Vyon
Raman spectroscopy analysis
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Sputter Coater
SC7620
Quorum
Gold coating for non-conducting samples
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Microwave Digestion System
ETHOS EASY
Advance
Sample digestion for ICP-MS
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