研究目的
To fabricate long period gratings (LPGs) directly into an Erbium-doped fiber using the electric arc discharge technique, focusing on the writing process, resulting properties, and investigating polarization-dependent loss, surrounding refractive index, applied strain, and temperature influences.
研究成果
The fabrication of LPGs in Er-doped fiber using the EAD technique was successfully demonstrated, with control over spectral features such as resonance wavelengths and attenuation depths up to 30 dB. The PDL measurements, conducted for the first time in this fiber type, showed values comparable to standard fibers. The LPGs exhibited predictable responses to SRI, strain, and temperature, with sensitivities that can be tailored for specific applications. This approach enables adaptation for use in optical communications, signal processing, and sensing, with potential future work on radiation sensitivity testing.
研究不足
The study is limited to a specific type of Er-doped fiber (M5–980–125 by Fibercore) and may not generalize to other doped fibers. The PDL values, while comparable to standard fibers, could be further optimized by adjusting fabrication parameters. The sensitivity to external parameters (SRI, strain, temperature) is slightly lower than in standard SMF28 fibers, which might limit performance in some sensing applications. The fabrication process requires precise control of arc parameters, which could be challenging to replicate.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The fabrication of LPGs was performed using the electric arc discharge (EAD) technique, which involves applying periodic electric arcs to induce refractive index and geometric changes in the fiber. The setup included a fusion splicer modified for control of discharge parameters and fiber alignment, with online spectral monitoring using a broadband source and optical spectrum analyzer.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The M5–980–125 Er-doped fiber by Fibercore was used, spliced between two SMF28 pigtails to minimize losses. LPGs were fabricated with periods of 500 μm, 550 μm, and 600 μm.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included a commercial fusion splicer (model Type-39 by Sumitomo Electric), broadband source (1100–1700 nm), optical spectrum analyzer (AQ6370B by Yokogawa), polarizer (ILP1550SM by Thorlabs), polarization controller (FPC562 by Thorlabs), and materials such as aqueous glycerin solutions for SRI testing.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The fabrication involved applying electric arcs with specific parameters (arc power, arc time, electrodes gap, pulling tension) in a step-by-step manner, with periodic displacement of the fiber using a micro-stepper. Spectral monitoring was performed during fabrication. For PDL measurements, input light was polarized and scanned using the polarization controller. For external parameter tests, the LPG was subjected to varying SRI, strain, and temperature conditions while monitoring resonance wavelength shifts.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data analysis included measuring transmission spectra, calculating PDL as the absolute difference between maximum and minimum transmission, and using centroid analysis for resonance wavelength shifts in response to SRI, strain, and temperature.
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Fusion Splicer
Type-39
Sumitomo Electric
Used for applying electric arc discharges to fabricate long period gratings in the fiber, with control over discharge parameters and fiber alignment.
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Optical Spectrum Analyzer
AQ6370B
Yokogawa
Used to measure the transmission spectra of the fiber during fabrication and testing, with high resolution for spectral analysis.
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Polarizer
ILP1550SM
Thorlabs
Used to linearly polarize the input light for polarization-dependent loss measurements.
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Polarization Controller
FPC562
Thorlabs
Used to scan the polarization state of the input light for polarization-dependent loss measurements.
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Er-doped Fiber
M5–980–125
Fibercore
The primary material used for fabricating long period gratings, selected for its Erbium doping and optical properties.
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SMF28 Pigtails
SMF28
Used to splice with the Er-doped fiber to minimize splicing losses and facilitate connection to other optical components.
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Broadband Source
Used to illuminate the fiber with a broad wavelength range for spectral monitoring during fabrication and testing.
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Abbe Refractometer
Used to measure the refractive index of glycerin solutions for surrounding refractive index testing.
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