研究目的
To develop a novel optical fiber sensor for simultaneous measurement of hydrazine vapor and temperature, addressing the need for sensitive detection of trace hydrazine vapor due to its hazardous nature.
研究成果
The proposed fiber optic sensor successfully achieves simultaneous measurement of hydrazine vapor and temperature with high sensitivity (0.01 dB m/ppm for hydrazine and 9.8 pm/°C for temperature), linear response, and good repeatability. The enlarged fiber end face improves film uniformity and sensor reliability. The sensor's all-optical nature, small size, and immunity to electromagnetic interference make it suitable for practical applications in complex environments. Future work could focus on optimizing film properties and extending the detection range.
研究不足
The sensor's test scope for hydrazine vapor is limited to concentrations no more than 300 ppm due to potential distortion of the reflection spectrum. The thickness and homogeneity of the TClPDI film are critical; non-uniform films at 10 nm thickness result in irregular signals, and thicker films (50 nm) increase response time and reduce sensitivity to low concentrations. The angle between the fiber end face and fiber core can affect the reflection spectrum shape, though the trend with concentration remains consistent.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The sensor is based on an extrinsic Fabry Perot interferometer (EFPI) formed by a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and a fiber end face coated with a perylene diimide derivative (TClPDI) film. The design rationale includes using the change in refractive index of the TClPDI film upon exposure to hydrazine vapor to modulate the interference pattern, and the FBG for temperature sensing. The method involves fabricating the FBG-FP structure, depositing the TClPDI film, and testing the sensor's response to hydrazine vapor and temperature variations.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The sensor probe is fabricated using a single-mode fiber (SMF) with an FBG and an enlarged fiber end face. Hydrazine vapor concentrations are generated in a test chamber by injecting liquid hydrazine and evaporating it. Data is collected from the reflection spectra measured by an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA).
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes a phase mask, UV laser (193 nm coherent excimer), optical spectrum analyzer (AQ6370C, Yokogawa), broad-band source (BBS), circulator, fiber polisher (SFP-550, Seiko), high-vacuum evaporator, test chamber, and micropipette. Materials include SMF, hydrogen gas, EPO-TEK 353ND epoxy, cone glass capillary, TClPDI, and hydrazine.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The FBG is written on hydrogenated SMF using a phase mask and UV laser. The fiber is cut, inserted into a cone glass capillary, polished to form an enlarged end face, and coated with a 30 nm TClPDI film via vacuum deposition. The sensor is placed in a chamber with controlled hydrazine vapor concentrations and temperatures. Reflection spectra are recorded using a BBS, circulator, and OSA.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The reflection spectra are analyzed to extract changes in light intensity (for hydrazine concentration) and wavelength shift (for temperature). Linear fitting is applied to correlate intensity changes with hydrazine concentration and wavelength shifts with temperature.
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Optical Spectrum Analyzer
AQ6370C
Yokogawa
To monitor and record the transmission and reflection spectra of the fiber sensor during FBG fabrication and testing.
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Fiber Polisher
SFP-550
Seiko
To polish the fiber end face to achieve a smooth and vertical surface relative to the fiber axis, enabling precise FP cavity formation.
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UV Laser
Coherent
To inscribe the FBG on the single-mode fiber using the phase mask approach.
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Broad-Band Source
To provide signal light to the fiber probe through a circulator for reflection spectrum measurement.
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Circulator
To guide the signal light from the broad-band source to the fiber probe and direct the reflected light to the optical spectrum analyzer.
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High-Vacuum Evaporator
To deposit the TClPDI film on the fiber end face via thermal evaporation.
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Phase Mask
To define the grating period for FBG inscription using UV laser exposure.
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Micropipette
To inject precise volumes of liquid hydrazine into the test chamber for vapor generation.
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Test Chamber
To contain the sensor and control the environment with hydrazine vapor and temperature variations.
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Cone Glass Capillary
To enlarge the fiber end face area, improving the uniformity and adhesion of the TClPDI film.
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EPO-TEK 353ND
353ND
EPO-TEK
Epoxy used to fill the space between the fiber tip and the cone glass capillary during sensor fabrication.
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Single-Mode Fiber
The base optical fiber used for FBG inscription and sensor construction.
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TClPDI
Perylene diimide derivative used as the sensing material, deposited on the fiber end face to detect hydrazine vapor via refractive index changes.
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