研究目的
Investigating the effect of different substituents on the benzene ring of BOPIM dyes on their optical properties and mechanofluorochromic behaviors.
研究成果
The study successfully demonstrated that substituents on BOPIM dyes significantly influence their optical properties and mechanofluorochromic behaviors. Compounds T1, T2, and T3 exhibited reversible MFC with spectral shifts dependent on electronic and steric effects of substituents. T2 showed the highest MFC activity due to steric hindrance from tert-butyl groups. The non-planar conformation and weak intermolecular interactions facilitated MFC. These findings provide a strategy for designing high-contrast MFC materials for applications in optical recording and data security.
研究不足
The study focused on only three substituents (bromo, tert-butyl, methoxyl), limiting the generalizability to other substituents. Single crystal structure was only obtained for T1, not for T2 and T3, which may restrict full structural understanding. The MFC behaviors were tested under specific conditions (grinding and DCM fuming), and other stimuli or environments were not explored. The reversibility was dependent on solvent fuming, and thermal annealing did not restore original states, indicating limitations in recovery methods.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved designing and synthesizing three BOPIM complexes (T1, T2, T3) with different substituents (bromo, tert-butyl, methoxyl) to investigate their optical properties and mechanofluorochromic (MFC) behaviors. Methods included synthesis via multi-component one-pot reactions and boron chelation, characterization using NMR, FT-IR, mass spectrometry, UV-vis absorption, fluorescence emission spectra, quantum chemical calculations (DFT), X-ray diffraction, powder XRD, and DSC.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Samples were the synthesized BOPIM complexes T1, T2, and T3. Data sources included spectroscopic measurements in various solvents and solid states, single crystal data for T1, and computational data from Gaussian 09W.
3:Data sources included spectroscopic measurements in various solvents and solid states, single crystal data for T1, and computational data from Gaussian 09W. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment included Bruker AMX-400 NMR spectrometer, Nicolet-360 FT-IR spectrometer, Agilent 6500 Q-TOF mass spectrometer, Beijing purkinje TU-1810 Spectrophotometer, Shimadzu RF-5301 PC Spectrofluorophotometer, Edinburgh FLS920 steady state spectrometer, Bruker Advances D8 X-ray diffractometer, Mettler Toledo 3 thermos system, Rigaku RAXIS-RAPID diffractometer. Materials included 2-cyanopyridine, aromatic aldehydes, NH4OAc, BF3·Et2O, solvents (e.g., CH2Cl2, THF, DMF), and silica gel for chromatography.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Synthesis involved reacting 2-cyanopyridine with aldehydes and NH4OAc to form ligands L1-L3, followed by chelation with BF3·Et2O to form T1-T3. Purification used column chromatography and recrystallization. Optical properties were measured in solutions and solid states. MFC behaviors were tested by grinding powders with a pestle and mortar and fuming with DCM. Reversibility was checked by repeated grinding and fuming.
5:Purification used column chromatography and recrystallization. Optical properties were measured in solutions and solid states. MFC behaviors were tested by grinding powders with a pestle and mortar and fuming with DCM. Reversibility was checked by repeated grinding and fuming. Data Analysis Methods:
5. Data Analysis Methods: Data analysis included comparing UV-vis and fluorescence spectra, calculating quantum yields, performing DFT calculations for HOMO-LUMO and energy gaps, analyzing X-ray and PXRD patterns for crystal structure and phase changes, and DSC for thermal properties.
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NMR Spectrometer
AMX-400
Bruker
Measurement of 1H and 13C NMR spectra for structural characterization of synthesized compounds.
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Mass Spectrometer
6500 Q-TOF
Agilent
High resolution mass spectrometry analysis for molecular weight determination.
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Spectrofluorophotometer
RF-5301 PC
Shimadzu
Measurement of fluorescence emission spectra to investigate luminescence properties.
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Steady State Spectrometer
FLS920
Edinburgh
Estimation of absolute fluorescent quantum yields using an integrating sphere.
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X-ray Diffractometer
Advances D8
Bruker
Powder X-ray diffraction measurements to analyze crystal structure and phase changes.
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Diffractometer
RAXIS-RAPID
Rigaku
Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis for structural determination.
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FT-IR Spectrometer
Nicolet-360
Nicolet
Measurement of FT-IR spectra to identify functional groups in the compounds.
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Spectrophotometer
TU-1810
Beijing purkinje
Measurement of UV-vis absorption spectra to study optical properties.
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Thermos System
Mettler Toledo 3
Mettler Toledo
DSC measurements to study thermal properties and phase transitions.
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Software
Gaussian 09W
Gaussian
Quantum chemical calculations (DFT) for HOMO-LUMO and energy gaps.
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Software
SHELXTL-97
SHELXTL
Solving and refining crystal structures from X-ray diffraction data.
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