研究目的
Investigating the structural dependence of the photo-physical properties of substituted 2,3-distyryl indoles and their potential applications in biological imaging, biomedicine, fluorescent probes, and photodynamic inactivation.
研究成果
The photo-physical properties of 23DSI derivatives are highly dependent on substituent type and position, affecting absorption, emission, fluorescence lifetimes, and quantum yields. These compounds exhibit two-photon absorption and show promise for applications in biological imaging and photodynamic inactivation, as demonstrated by effective PDI of B. subtilis. Theoretical calculations support the experimental findings, highlighting structure-property relationships. Future work should explore broader biological applications and quantitative PDI studies.
研究不足
The study focused on specific 23DSI derivatives and may not generalize to all indole-based compounds. The PDI experiments were qualitative and preliminary, requiring further quantitative validation. Computational models assumed specific functional and basis sets, which might not capture all electronic effects. Sample concentrations and solvent (DMSO) could influence results, and biological applications need more extensive testing.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study employed spectroscopic techniques (steady-state UV-VIS, steady-state fluorescence, steady-state excitation, TCSPC, TRFLS) and computational methods (Gaussian 16 with B3LYP functional and 6-311+ G (2d, p) basis set) to analyze photo-physical properties. Theoretical calculations used CPCM with SCRF for solvent phase.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Seven 23DSI derivatives (H, p-OCH3, p-CH3, p-F, o-Cl, m-Cl, p-Cl) were synthesized and dissolved in DMSO at concentrations of
3:0 μM, 50 μM, or 1 mM depending on the experiment. Bacterial samples (Bacillus subtilis) were cultured and treated with 23DSI derivatives. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Spectrophotometers (Cary 60 UV-VIS, Shimadzu RF-5301PC spectrofluorometer), lasers (Spectra Physics Mai Tai, Spectra Physics Mai Tai HP), spectrometers (Ocean Optics HR2000+), time-resolved instruments (Newport TRFLS, Horiba Fluorolog-3 FLS-22), computational software (Gaussian 16, Gauss View 06), bacterial culture materials (Mueller-Hinton agar and broth), and light source (Lumacare LC-122).
4:2). Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: For spectroscopy, samples were prepared in DMSO and measured with specified instruments. TRFLS involved excitation at 400 nm with 25 mW power, gate beam at 800 nm, and upconversion in BBO crystal. TCSPC used 360 nm nano LED excitation. Bacterial PDI involved treating B. subtilis with 23DSI derivatives, incubating, and irradiating with white light.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Fluorescence decays were fitted to single exponential functions using DAS6 software. Theoretical calculations included geometry optimization, HOMO-LUMO analysis, and oscillator strength calculations. Data were analyzed for absorption, emission, lifetimes, and quantum yields.
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Cary 60 UV-VIS spectrophotometer
Cary 60
Agilent
Recording absorption spectra of 23DSI derivatives in DMSO solutions.
Cary 60 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
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Shimadzu RF-5301PC spectrofluorometer
RF-5301PC
Shimadzu
Measuring fluorescence and excitation spectra of 23DSI derivatives.
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Ocean Optics HR2000+ spectrometer
HR2000+
Ocean Optics
Detecting emitted fluorescence in multi-photon absorption studies.
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Spectra Physics Mai Tai laser
Mai Tai
Spectra Physics
Generating laser pulses for multi-photon absorption measurements and excitation in TRFLS.
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Newport time-resolved fluorescence spectrometer
TRFLS
Newport
Performing time-resolved fluorescence upconversion and TCSPC measurements.
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Horiba Fluorolog-3 spectrofluorometer
FLS-22
Horiba
Measuring fluorescence lifetimes using TCSPC.
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Lumacare LC-122 light unit
LC-122
Lumacare
Irradiating bacterial samples with white light for photodynamic inactivation studies.
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Gaussian 16 computational package
Gaussian 16
Gaussian Inc
Performing theoretical calculations for ground state properties and geometry optimization of 23DSI derivatives.
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Gauss View 06 molecular building package
Gauss View 06
Semichem Inc
Building molecular structures for computational studies.
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Becker & Hackle time-correlated single photon counting board
Not specified
Becker & Hackle
Counting single photons in TCSPC measurements.
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Newport ILS250CC translation stage
ILS250CC
Newport
Controlling delay time for gate beam in TRFLS.
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BBO crystal
Type I
Not specified
Upconverting fluorescence and gate beams in TRFLS.
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LUDOX scattering solution
40% SiO2 in water
Not specified
Determining instrumental response function in TCSPC measurements.
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