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Fabrication and characterization of a low-cost interposer with an intact insulation layer and ultra-low TSV leakage current
摘要： The application of a Si interposer is hindered by its complicated manufacturing process, high cost and some reliability challenges such as through silicon via (TSV) leakage. In this paper, a fabrication approach using a Si interposer is proposed, which can simplify the manufacturing process significantly and reduce the cost by more than 40%. Benefiting from the simplified process, the TSV insulation layer stays intact during the whole manufacturing process, an ultra-low TSV leakage current can be obtained. To evaluate the performance and reliability of the interposer, test samples consisting of 136 TSVs are designed and fabricated. A series of tests are carried out to verify the electrical insulating performance and reliability of the interposer. Under the bias voltage of 5 V, the TSV leakage current is 2.05 × 10?14 A, which is much lower than the usual value in the range of 10?12 –10?9 A. The yield of daisy chains exceeds 91.66% and that of individual TSVs is more than 99.91%. All the interposer samples have successfully passed the thermal cycle test, and the resistance variation of each individual pathway is within 5% after 200 cycles.
关键词： interposer,insulation layer,TSV leakage current,3D-IC integration
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Design of Efficient Resonator-Enhanced Electro-Optic Frequency Comb Generators
摘要： This paper proposes a direct double-frequency ripple current control in a single-phase high-power fuel cell converter that can achieve low-frequency ripple-free input current without using large electrolytic capacitors. To eliminate the double-frequency ripple current disturbance introduced by the single-phase inverter load, a proportional–resonant controller is developed to achieve an extra high control gain at designed resonant frequency. This high gain can be viewed as the virtual high impedance for blocking the double-frequency ripple energy propagation from inverter load to fuel cell stack. More particularly, the proposed control system can realize the utilization of all capacitive ripple energy sources in the system by regulating all the capacitors to have large voltage swing. In addition, this voltage swing is synchronized to keep real-time balancing of the transformer primary- and secondary-side voltages. As a result, the zero-voltage-switching operation for all switching devices in the dc–dc stage can be guaranteed. The controller design guidelines are derived based on the system small-signal model. The experimental results are presented to validate the theoretical analysis and proposed technology.
关键词： Current-fed three-phase dc–dc converter,fuel cell,direct double-frequency ripple current control,electrolytic capacitor free,zero voltage switching (ZVS)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Performance Improvement of Gate-Tunable Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Electron-Transport and Hole-Blocking Layers
摘要： The current density and luminance of gate-tunable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) can be modulated by application of an external gate potential. However, existing gate-tunable OLEDs require further optimization to make them suitable for practical use. In this work, the rapid electron conduction of 4,4’-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1’biphenyl (CBP) molecules under low operating potential is demonstrated in polymer electrolyte-coated super yellow (SY) polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs). This behavior is attributed to the facile electrochemical n-doping of CBP by the polymer electrolyte infiltrated into the SY PLED through the porous aluminum cathode. The field-modulated conductivity of CBP upon applying an external gate potential to electrolyte-gated (EG) PLEDs is demonstrated. These phenomena lead to the improved performance of EG SY PLEDs with a CBP electron-transport layer and 1,3,5-tris[(3-pyridyl)-phen-3-yl]benzene) (TmpypB) hole-blocking layer between the porous aluminum cathode and SY emissive layer, including low turn-on voltage (1.5 V), low current density leakage (0.01 mA/cm2), low off luminance (<0.01 cd/m2), saturated on-current density (2 mA/cm2) and on-luminance (100 cd/m2), and largely suppressed hysteresis. These results pave the path for practical application of EG OLEDs in displays, especially near-to-eye displays.
关键词： facile electrochemical doping,saturated on-current density and on-luminance,low off-current density leakage and off-luminance,suppressed hysteresis,near-to-eye displays,gate-tunable organic light-emitting diodes,grayscale displaying,porous electrodes
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE CHILEAN Conference on Electrical, Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies (CHILECON) - Valparaiso, Chile (2019.11.13-2019.11.27)] 2019 IEEE CHILEAN Conference on Electrical, Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies (CHILECON) - Fourier-Bessel Shapes in Output Photocurrents and Frequency Chirping Effects from Laser Fields
摘要： Record low values in this material system of threshold current density, particularly at elevated temperature, are presented for InP quantum dot lasers. Lasers with Ga0 .5 8 In0 .4 2 P in the dot upper con?ning layer have the lowest threshold current densities, 138 A·cm?2 at 300 K, and 235 A·cm?2 at 350 K (77 °C) (2-mm lasers, uncoated facets). Gain-current density data suggests laser performance with an upper con?ning layer of Gax In1 ?xP with x = 0.54, 0.56 or 0.58 would be similar if not for the very low internal optical mode loss, αi of samples with x = 0.56 and 0.58. Gain measurements at ?xed inversion level suggest that increasing x content in Gax In1 ?xP increases gain at ?xed inversion level but samples with x = 0.54 also exhibit reduced recombination current density. The increasing recombination current density at elevated temperature due to thermal carrier spreading is signi?cantly reduced in samples with x = 0.56 and x = 0.58 but measurements at common operating points attribute this largely to the reduced αi for these samples and given the same αI , samples with x = 0.54, 0.56 and 0.58 would all bene?t from reduced effects due to thermal carrier spreading compared to x = 0.52.
关键词： Quantum dot devices,InP self-assembled quantum dots,semiconductor laser,short wavelength lasers,threshold current density,temperature sensitivity
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Improved-efficiency quasi-two-stage current-source-mode SIMO LED driver
摘要： The paper presents a modularized control strategy of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) system, including the grid-side converter (GSC) and rotor-side converter (RSC), under unbalanced and harmonic grid voltage. The sequence decomposition process and complicated control reference calculation can be avoided in the proposed control strategy. From the perspective of power grid friendly operation, the control targets of DFIG system in this paper are chosen as: 1) smooth active and reactive power injected into the power grid; 2) balanced and sinusoidal current injected into the power grid. The RSC and GSC can work as two independent modules and the communication between RSC and GSC can be removed. Furthermore, the third harmonic current component, dc-link voltage fluctuation, and electromagnetic torque pulsation under the different control targets are theoretically analyzed. Finally, the availability of the proposed modularized control strategy of DFIG system under unbalanced and distorted grid voltage is verified by experiment results.
关键词： unbalanced and harmonic grid voltage,modularized control,doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) system,smooth active and reactive power,Balanced and sinusoidal current
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Optimization Methods for Evaluating PV Hosting Capacity of Distribution Circuits
摘要： We propose a new transmitter architecture for ultra-low power radios in which the most energy-hungry RF circuits operate at a supply just above a threshold voltage of CMOS transistors. An all-digital PLL employs a digitally controlled oscillator with switching current sources to reduce supply voltage and power without sacrificing its startup margin. It also reduces 1/f noise and supply pushing, thus allowing the ADPLL, after settling, to reduce its sampling rate or shut it off entirely during a direct DCO data modulation. The switching power amplifier integrates its matching network while operating in class-E/F2 to maximally enhance its efficiency at low voltage. The transmitter is realized in 28 nm digital CMOS and satisfies all metal density and other manufacturing rules. It consumes 3.6 mW/5.5 mW while delivering 0 dBm/3 dBm RF power in Bluetooth Low-Energy mode.
关键词： Bluetooth Low-Energy,low-voltage oscillator,class-E/F2 power amplifier,All-digital PLL,low-power switching current-source transmitter,Internet of Things (IoT)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2020 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (PESGRE) - Cochin, India (2020.1.2-2020.1.4)] 2020 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (PESGRE2020) - A New Step-Up Transformerless Inverter Topology for 1-é? Grid-connected Solar Photovoltaic System
摘要： In this paper, a step-up transformerless inverter topology is investigated for the grid-connected solar PV system. This proposed topology combines the features of the DC-DC step-up converter and two-level inverter. The important features of this topology are: First, the proposed topology keeps the negative terminal of the PV source directly connected with the neutral of the grid. Therefore, there is no variation in the CMV, which appears across the PV parasitic capacitance, resulting in negligible leakage current and higher efficiency. Negligible leakage current makes this topology highly suitable for transformerless grid-connected solar PV application; second, due to the step-up feature of the proposed topology, the inverter output voltage can be greater than the input DC voltage of solar PV which makes the proposed topology suitable for connecting lower voltage solar PV modules. The topology works with a simple and dedicated PWM scheme, which consists of certain logic operations as explained in the text. The modes of operation, design of the converter, PWM strategy, and analysis are presented in detail. The MATLAB/Simulink environment is used to simulate the proposed grid-connected system for 300W power rating and all the results are included in the paper, which shows that the proposed system gives higher efficiency with lower THD in grid-current.
关键词： PV fed system,Leakage current,Two-level inverter,step-up transformer-less inverter,DC-DC converter
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Effect of the Interface Improved by Self-Assembled Aromatic Organic Semiconductor Molecules on Performance of OLED
摘要： This work focuses on characterization the performance of enhanced interface of organic light emitting diode (OLED) device by Self-assembled Monolayer (SAM) technique. SAM technique is popular in order to overcome the weak bonding at the organic/inorganic interface in OLED. New generation of SAM molecules, phenyl-benzoic-acid (PBA, 4-(9H-carbazol-9-il) benzoic acid (MZ39), 4-(2,5-di-2thienyl-1H-pyrrol-1-il) benzoic acid (MZ25) were coated on between Indium Tin Oxide (ITO). The two con?guration of ITO/SAM/TPD/Al and ITO/TPD/Al diode were fabricated as hole-only device to show the contribution of SAM layer on the hole mobility calculated by Space Charge Limited Current (SCLC) technique. The optical characterization of OLED devices with con?guration ITO/TPD/Alq3/Al and ITO/SAM/TPD/Alq3/Al was performed to see the effect of aromatic SAM molecules on the luminance and quantum ef?ciency. Especially, the SAM modi?ed OLED has a maximum luminance of 397 cd m?2. All devices containing SAM layer showed better performance than reference one.
关键词： Indium Tin Oxide (ITO),quantum efficiency,OLED,luminance,Space Charge Limited Current (SCLC),Self-assembled Monolayer (SAM)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Bias-induced chiral current and geometrical blockade in triangular triple quantum dot
摘要： We theoretically investigate the quantum transport properties of a triangular triple quantum dot (TTQD) ring connected to two reservoirs by an analytical derivation and an accurate hierarchical equations-of-motion calculation. We initially demonstrate a bias-induced chiral current under zero magnetic field caused by the coupling between the spin gauge field and spin current in a nonequilibrium TTQD that induces a scalar spin chirality, which lifts the chiral degeneracy and the time inversion symmetry. The chiral current oscillates with the bias within the Coulomb blockade regime, suggesting that the chiral spin qubit can be controlled by purely electrical manipulations. Then, the geometrical blockade of the transport current due to the localization of chiral states is elucidated by spectral function analysis.
关键词： triple quantum dot,quantum transport,chiral current,geometrical blockade
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Temperature Dependence Model of the Laser Diode Bar Current-Voltage Characteristic
摘要： Based on an analysis of di?erences between the experimentally measured temperature dependence of the current-voltage characteristic (I–V curve) of a laser diode bar (LDB) with AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure and the dependence obtained in accordance with the well-known model of light-emitting diodes, assumptions were made about the sources of these di?erences. The agreement between the experimental and modeled dependences is signi?cantly improved by taking into consideration the change in the resistance of LDB layers caused by temperature change. It is shown that when the injection current is known, the measured voltage drop across the LDB can be used to estimate the temperature of the diode active region in order to implement thermal stabilization for solid-state laser pumping systems based on high-power laser diodes.
关键词： temperature,electrical potential di?erence,laser diode bar,current-voltage characteristic
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01