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Preliminary analysis on thermodynamic and thermo-economic performance of a solar CPC-KCS hybrid system
摘要： Using solar collectors to actuate Kalina cycle system (KCS) for electricity generation has been an attractive way to take advantage of solar energy. Most of the existing research is about KCS integrated with flat plate collector, evacuated tube collector, or concentrating collectors; however, little research focuses on the KCS powered by compound parabolic concentrator (CPC). Considering the merits of CPC, a Kalina 11 cycle system which is directly powered by CPC, named as solar CPC–KCS hybrid system is studied as the research object. Energy, exergy and thermo-economic models are established to estimate the system performance by varying the solar radiation, evaporating temperature and concentration of working fluid. Results show that higher evaporating temperature improves thermal and exergy efficiency. There are optimal values of Te for maximum wnet, is, Te,opt = 422.15, 434.15, and 446.15 K, respectively, at Xr = 0.95, 0.93, and 0.91; while Te,opt = 443.15, 437.15, and 425.15 K at Xb = 0.8, 0.7, and 0.6. Higher Xr and lower Xb is generally favorable for system performance. But when Te ≥ 422.15 K, lower Xb is not beneficial to ηex improvement anymore. Additionally, once evaporating temperature exceeds 439.15 K, it is cost-effective to install a superheater to avoid erosion potential risk.
关键词： Kalina cycle,corrosion potential,thermo-economic analysis,compound parabolic concentrator
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Battery-assisted low-cost hydrogen production from solar energy: Rational target setting for future technology systems
摘要： The massive implementation of renewable energy requires sophisticated assessments considering the combination of feasible technology options. In this study, a techno-economic analysis was conducted for hydrogen production from photovoltaic power generation (PV) utilizing a battery-assisted electrolyzer. The installed capacity of each component technology was optimized for the wide range of unit costs of electricity from the PV, battery, and proton-exchange membrane electrolyzer. Leveling of PV output by battery, the necessary capacity of electrolyzer is suppressed and the operating ratio of electrolyzer increases. The battery-assist will result in a lower hydrogen production cost when the benefit associated with the smaller capacity and higher operation ratio of the electrolyzer exceeds the necessary investment for battery installation. The results from this study indicated the cost of hydrogen as low as 17 to 27 JPY/Nm3 using a combination of technologies and the achievement of ambitious individual cost targets for batteries, PV, and electrolyzers.
关键词： Techno-economic analysis,Technology roadmap,Off-grid production,Proton-exchange membrane electrolyzer
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Wind Energy and Applications in Algeria (ICWEAA) - Algiers, Algeria (2018.11.6-2018.11.7)] 2018 International Conference on Wind Energy and Applications in Algeria (ICWEAA) - Optimal Sizing Of Hybrid PV/Wind Based Water Pumping System Considering Reliability And Economic Aspects
摘要： In rural areas, provision of drinking water is one of the most important requirements of living conditions, and most of these isolated areas are not connected to the electricity grid. Conventional technology solutions provided by diesel generators are costly because of high maintenance and fuel supply costs and have drawbacks related to noise and especially greenhouse gas emissions. New technological solutions provided by solar and wind water pumping systems are experiencing high growth rates in recent years. Because of their high initial capital cost, many studies on their optimal sizing have been carried out. In this paper, an optimal sizing model based on Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed. The main goal is to deal with the optimal sizing problem of hybrid PV-Wind-based water pumping system taking into account the techno-economic aspects. The developed method uses the PSO algorithm to find the optimal configuration of the studied hybrid system insuring minimum cost and satisfying a desired loss of power supply probability. A computing code is developed and a flexible graphical interface is designed.
关键词： PSO Optimization,LPSP,Techno-economic analysis,PV-Wind based water pumping
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Economic Analysis for Residential Solar PV Systems Based on Different Demand Charge Tariffs
摘要： It is well known that the use of photovoltaic (PV) systems helps to preserve the environment, produce lower levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs), and reduce global warming, however, whether it is economically profitable for customers or not is highly debatable. This paper aims to address this issue. To be comprehensive, three different types of buildings are considered as case studies. Then, these three buildings are modeled in EnergyPlus to determine the rate of energy consumption. Afterward, comparisons of various solar system sizes based on economic parameters such as the internal rate of return, the net present value, payback period and profitability indexing for various-sized PV systems are carried out. The results show that by the demand charge tariffs, using PV systems has no economic justification. It has been shown that even with neglecting further costs of the PV system like maintenance, by demand charge tariffs, it is not economically beneficial for customers to use the PV systems. Profitability index of all three buildings with various PV power systems is between 0.2 to 0.8, which are by no means is desirable. Moreover, it was found that bigger solar systems are less cost-effective in the presence of demand charges.
关键词： photovoltaic (PV) systems,economic analysis,energy in buildings,EnergyPlus
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Techno-economic impacts of using a laser-guided variable-rate spraying system to retrofit conventional constant-rate sprayers
摘要： Specialty crops, such as apples, are vulnerable to insects and pathogens, and require higher pesticide input than row crops, a significant fraction of which is off-target loss, causing adverse environmental and socio-economic impacts. An advanced laser-guided variable-rate sprayer (VRS) could improve spray deposition uniformity and minimize pesticide waste, while maintaining efficacy against insects and pathogens. Despite these merits, retrofitting a conventional sprayer with laser-guided variable-rate spraying functions adds to its cost. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the techno-economics of a conventional pesticide sprayer retrofitted with VRS, in comparison to a conventional constant-rate sprayer (CRS) for pesticide application during apple production. A techno-economic model was developed for the apple orchards covering areas of 4 and 20 ha, which are common orchard sizes in the USA. The model incorporated cost for operation, equipment, fuel use and labor during pesticide application. The data were obtained from field tests in orchards in Ohio, USA in years 2016 and 2017, literature, and the original VRS development team at USDA-ARS and Ohio State University. The results indicated that VRS can reduce pesticide costs by 60–67%, pesticide application time by 27–32% and labor and fuel by 28% compared to CRS. For larger orchards, VRS also reduced equipment requirement. Compared to CRS, overall annual pesticide application cost savings by using VRS were between $1420 and $1750 ha?1. The payback time for using VRS was estimated to be between 1.1 and 3.8 years for apple orchards between 4 and 20 ha, respectively, in Ohio.
关键词： Pesticide,Laser-guided variable-rate sprayer,Insects and pathogens,Techno-economic analysis,Apple orchard
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Environmental impacts and economic feasibility of end of life photovoltaic panels in Australia: A comprehensive assessment
摘要： The severe challenges of the end-of-life management of photovoltaic panels are predicted to enter its critical stage in Australia from the early 2030s owing to the wide-reaching deployment of PV panels in the past two decades. There appears to be a lack of holistic strategy concerning the environmental impacts of disposal scenarios and also enacting of comprehensive local policy and regulations. As a way forward in the promotion of the sustainable management of this complex waste flow, this study performed an inclusive life cycle assessment utilizing SimaPro 9.0.029, and an economic feasibility analysis employing the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method for various scenarios. The performed LCA in this paper highlighted the environmental burden and credit responsibilities of an industrial scale treatment procedure proposed for Australia. Findings from the analysis indicated that the domestic treatment of EoL PV module is feasible and includes high-profit margins while making a considerable reduction on environmental burdens and resource losses. The outcome of the economic feasibility assessment has shown some promising numbers for 20,000 tonnes per year of annual PV waste flow. Hence, the variation of the critical economic factors could not affect the feasibility of the treatment pathway. However, the plant with a yearly capacity of 10,000 tonnes EoL PV panels did not show profitability at any condition unless the Australian government considers a special tax-exemption during the loan lifetime. Finally, this study illuminates toward the sustainable management of EoL PV panels and circular economy pathway by providing useful concrete evidence to the decision-makers.
关键词： techno-economic analysis,End-of-life PV module,LCA,Waste management,End-of-life photovoltaic,Cost-effective analysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Assessment of technical and financial benefits of AC and DC microgrids based on solar photovoltaic
摘要： Microgrid deployments are expanding around the world as the most suitable solution to integrate distributed renewable energy sources to meet the increasing load demands and to power-up the remote areas. The installation of DC microgrid can improve system ef?ciency and reduces the cost of electrical infrastructure compared to the AC microgrid. However, the main challenge of implementing DC microgrid is the existing structure of the AC distribution system. In addition to the previous researches performed on DC microgrids, this paper proposes a framework to assess the technical and ?nancial bene?ts of implementing the AC and DC microgrids. The power loss, voltage drop and system ef?ciency have been investigated for the AC and DC microgrids during the steady-state condition. Furthermore, the dynamic behaviors of AC and DC microgrids have been analyzed when each system subjected to disturbance such as short-circuit fault, aiming to evaluate the system response. In the next stage, techno-economic analysis has been carried out to determine the optimal size of solar PV system connected to each AC or DC microgrid with its energy storage, according to the meteorological and load pro?le data of the selected remote area in Sarawak (Malaysia). The study presented in this paper justi?es that DC microgrid is potentially more bene?cial than AC microgrid. However, the stability of the system during fault condition is the main problem in the DC microgrid. Therefore, it can be concluded that the protection and control of DC microgrids should be the key areas of future researches.
关键词： AC and DC microgrid con?gurations,Cost optimization,Techno-economic analysis,System losses
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Comparative assessments of the performances of PV/T and conventional solar plants
摘要： The building’s energy demand consists of both thermal energy and electricity that may be provided through solar energy sources. Typically, the electrical energy needs are satisfied by photovoltaic plants (PV)s, while the thermal energy needs are satisfied by solar thermal plants (ST)s. However, there is the possibility to produce simultaneously electrical and thermal energy by hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) plants. This study presents the comparison of the performances of a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) plant with those of a systems made by a PV plant plus a ST plant (PV+ST). Such comparisons are interesting in those buildings where there is not enough available surface for installing both PV and ST plants as much as necessary for satisfying the energy needs of such buildings ( e.g. in residential tower buildings). This research is carried out having as target a residential unit situated in different geographic areas: Catania (IT) , Split (HR) and Freiburg (D). The outcomes of the energy analysis, calculated following the first and the second thermodynamic law approach, highlight that a PV/T plant produces more energy than a conventional solar system (PV-ST) in the three cities. Otherwise, the results of the economic analysis show that the PV plants allow to achieve the most economic benefits due to the cheaper cost of this technology.
关键词： Solar energy,economic analysis,hybrid PV/T plant,TRNSYS simulation,quality of energy,renewable energy
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Techno‐economic analysis of applying linear parabolic and flat plate solar collectors for heating a building and their comparative evaluation
摘要： In this study, utilizing two types of solar collectors, including linear parabolic (LPC) and flat solar (FPC) collectors to heat a residential building was investigated from technical and economical point of views. The performance of these two systems were obtained and compared with each other in the cold months of the year in the South-East of Iran. The building and the heating systems were simulated in the TRNSYS software. Both the heating systems were separately analyzed from the energy and economic point of views. Results showed that the FPC and LPC heating systems delivered 51.3% and 46.7% of the received solar energy to the building, respectively. The results also showed that the solar fractions of the LPC and FPC heating systems are 22% and 8.6%, respectively. It was found that the thermal storage tank in the FPC hearing system is more useful than the LPC heating system as the LPC heating system with storage tank has a lower rate of heat loss compared to the system with no thermal storage tank. The rate of return investments in the FPC and LPC heating systems were 18.1% and 22.8%, respectively.
关键词： economic analysis,linear parabolic collectors (LPC),TRNSYS,heating load,flat plate collector (FPC),solar heating
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Technical and economical evaluation of the photovoltaic system in Brazilian public buildings: A case study for peak and off-peak hours
摘要： An analysis of Brazilian public costs indicates that, although a significant part of its financial resources is destined for electricity consumption, only a small portion of the distributed generation belongs to public institutions. A technical and economic analysis of a PV power plant in the Brazilian public sector was proposed and various scenarios were evaluated, indicating that a change in the Brazilian tariff policy could be an alternative for boosting PV generation in the public sector. Risk analysis demonstrated that the minimum acceptable rate of return is the variable that most affects the system’s viability. In addition, a Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) showed that the proposed PV system has a viability probability higher than 92%. A statistical analysis indicated that the system has a probability of at least 80% for supplying more than 25% of the building’s peak demand for all seasons. Finally, such systems have also been found to represent an alternative for improving the electricity grid’s stability, while supplying part of the building’s energy demand.
关键词： PV systems,Energy policy.,Brazilian public sector,Economic analysis
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59