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22.3: Low cost fabrication of high contrast ratio and high transmission wire grid polarizer by nanoimprint lithography
摘要： This paper proposes a novel approach for low cost fabrication of large area wire grid polarizer (WGP). WGPs regarded as one potential alternative to traditional rear polarizer and DBEF possess the advantages of large contrast ratio (CR), high transmission. To date WGPs can be fabricated through electron beam direct write, which is slow and expensive, therefore not suitable for large area application. With the development of nano-fabrication methods, for instance, nanoimprint lithography (NIL), large area WGP can be made at low cost and fast speed. Furthermore, flexible polarizer can also be made through roll-to-roll (R2R) NIL. In this paper, a WGP with high TM transmission of around 85% and low TE transmission down to 0.2% through the visible light spectra will be realized through nanofabrication. The contrast ratio of the WGP can reach >450 with peak value >3000. For the fabrication process, atom layer deposition (ALD) will be utilized to prepare imprint mask which can achieve highly precise control of expected structure. In this paper, characterization of the designed WGP will also be narrated in the back part, including transmission, CR and the SEM schematic diagram. We believe that low cost fabrication method shows the potential to be adopted for industrial fabrication of polarizer in the future.
关键词： atom layer deposition (ALD),large area fabrication,low cost fabrication,wire grid polarizer (WGP),high contrast ratio,nanoimprint lithography (NIL),high TM transmission
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Large area SiC-UV phothodiode for spectroscopy portable system
摘要： In this work, we present the extensive characterization of large area Silicon Carbide based UV sensors candidate for outdoors spectroscopic applications of gas or liquid. The proposed SiC Schottky devices exhibit dark current density of 0.12 nA/cm2 @ 15 V, a 0.12 A/W responsivity @ 300 nm, optimal visible blindness and switching time of ~ 190 ns. Effects of temperature on the sensor performance, of crucial interest for outdoors applications, are also examined in the range from -20 °C to 90 °C.
关键词： optical sensor,Large area UV photodetector,Schottky diode,SiC detector
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A Sample Update-Based Convolutional Neural Network Framework for Object Detection in Large-Area Remote Sensing Images
摘要： This letter addresses the issue of accurate object detection in large-area remote sensing images. Although many convolutional neural network (CNN)-based object detection models can achieve high accuracy in small image patches, the models perform poorly in large-area images due to the large quantity of false and missing detections that arise from complex backgrounds and diverse groundcover types. To address this challenge, this letter proposes a sample update-based CNN (SUCNN) framework for object detection in large-area remote sensing images. The proposed framework contains two stages. In the first stage, a base model—single-shot multibox detector—is trained with the training data set. In the second stage, artificial composite samples are generated to update the training set. The parameters of the first-stage model are fine-tuned with the updated data set to obtain the second-stage model. The first- and second-stage models are evaluated using the large-area remote sensing image test set. Comparison experiments show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed SUCNN framework for object detection in large-area remote sensing images.
关键词： large-area remote sensing images,sample update,object detection,Convolutional neural networks (CNNs)
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Sputter-Deposited-MoS2 nMISFETs with Top-Gate and Al2O3 Passivation under Low Thermal Budget for Large Area Integration
摘要： We have fabricated large area integrated top-gate nMISFETs with sputter-deposited-MoS2 film having n-type operation. A sputtering method enables us to form a large-area MoS2 thin film followed by H2S annealing to compensate sulfur vacancies. Two passivation films of ALD-Al2O3 enhance the process endurance of MoS2 channel. Therefore, we demonstrate TiN-top-gate nMISFET, which is a substantial first step to realize industrial chip-level LSIs with MoS2-channel FETs.
关键词： Top gate,MISFET,Transition metal di-chalcogenide,Sputtering,Passivation,Molybdenum disulfide,Large area integration
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Large-Area Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been attracting much attention during the past years due to the advantages of perovskite materials such as high light absorption coefficient, excellent charge mobility, long charge diffusion length, tunable direct band gap, low cost, etc., exhibiting great potential as the next-generation photovoltaic technology [1-3]. The certificated power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 25.2% has been achieved for single-junction PSCs with an active area of 0.0937 cm2 (https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/pdfs/best-research-cell-efficiencies.20200128.pdf). However, the state-of-the-art PCE of the large-area PSCs with the active area larger than 10 cm2 (minimodules) is 18.04% (19.276 cm2) (http://solar.in-en.com/html/solar-2352538.shtml), which is still much lower than the value of 79 cm2 silicon solar cell with the PCE of 26.7%. Fig. 1 shows nearly 50 published papers during the past years about the research progress on the PCEs of mesoporous and planar (normal and inverted) structural large-area PSC minimodules, of which the typical active area is from 10 to 100 cm2, and the five cases with the size larger than 100 cm2 are labelled. It should be mentioned that the reported results from companies are not included in Fig. 1 because the detailed device information is not clear. PSC minimodules were first reported in 2014, and much progress has been achieved subsequently. At present, it could normally achieve mesoporous or planar structural PSC minimodules with the PCEs between 15% and 18%. Meanwhile, stability is another very important factor that directly determines the actual applications of PSCs [2,4]. In order to accelerate the commercialization of PSCs, it is highly desired to further develop large-area PSCs and modules with high efficiency and good stability.
关键词： Stability,Perovskite solar cells,Commercialization,Large-area,Efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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An Effective Method for Recovering Nonradiative Recombination Loss in Scalable Organic Solar Cells
摘要： Regarded as a critical step in commercial applications, scalable printing technology has become a research frontier in the field of organic solar cells. However, inevitable efficiency loss always occurs in the lab-to-manufacturing translation due to the different fabrication processes. In fact, the decline of photovoltaic performance is mainly related to voltage loss, which is mainly affected by the diversity of phase separation morphology and the chemical structures of photoactive materials. Fullerene derivative indene-C60 bisadduct (ICBA) is introduced into a PBDB-T-2F:IT-4F system to control the active layer morphology during blade-coating process. Accordingly, as a symmetrical fullerene derivative, ICBA can regulate the crystallization tendency and molecular packing orientation and suppress charge carrier recombination. This ternary strategy overcomes the morphology issues caused by weaker shear impulse in blade-coating process. Benefiting from the reduced nonradiative recombination loss, 1.05 cm2 devices are fabricated by blade coating with a power conversion efficiency of 13.70%. This approach provides an effective support for recovering the voltage loss during scalable printing approaches.
关键词： nonradiative recombination loss,organic solar cells,large-area solar cells,blade coating
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Green Solution Bathing Process for Efficient Large-area Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) towards practical application relies on high efficiency, long lifetime, low toxicity and device upscaling. To realize large-area PSCs, a green solution bathing strategy is delivered to prepare high-performance PSCs. By utilizing 2-pentanol as a green solvent and formamidinium chloride (FACl) as a solute in the green solution bathing, perovskite films with enlarged grain sizes, improved crystallinity and alleviated defect state density were obtained, resulting in the enhancement in the power conversion efficiency of PSCs. Coupled with 2-pentanol and FACl, a champion efficiency of 21.03% for small cells (0.103 cm2) and over 18% for large size (1.00 cm2) were obtained based on the GSB process, which can outperform its counterpart made from commonly-used anti-solvent dropping method. In addition, a large perovskite film (5 cm × 5 cm) with obvious mirror effect was successfully prepared. Our innovative approach paves the way to promote device upscaling of PSCs via environment-friendly technique.
关键词： 2-pentanol,green solvent,large-area,solution bathing,perovskite solar cells,FACl
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Designing Large Area Single Crystal Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Organic-inorganic halide single-crystal perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising for higher efficiency and better stability, while their development lags far behind polycrystalline counterpart. In particular, low efficiency (<5%) of large-area devices makes it challenging to be an alternative perovskite photovoltaic technology. In this perspective, we highlight the optimization of crystal growth and reduction of crystal thickness are keys to improve performance of the large-area single-crystal PSCs. After analyzing the characteristics of perovskite crystal growth methods and efficiency evolution of single-crystal PSCs, we conclude the low efficiency of large-area devices is due to conflict between low crystal quality and large crystal thickness. Then, we propose methods to grow high-quality perovskite single crystals and possible strategy to reduce the crystal thickness. Finally, investigation of key factors and exploration of large-area application are suggested to be conducted in parallel for future development of single-crystal PSCs.
关键词： large area,perovskite solar cells,single crystal,thickness reduction,crystal growth
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Novel cathode buffer layer of Al(acac)3 enables efficient, large area and stable semi-transparent organic solar cells
摘要： Electrode buffer layer plays a more crucial in semi-transparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) than that of the opaque devices due to the additional requirements of the average visible transmittance (AVT) and color rendering index (CRI) besides the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, we developed a novel cathode buffer layer Aluminum(III) acetylacetonate (Al(acac)3) via mild spin-coating with post low temperature heat treatment process. Studies show that Al(acac)3 film possess outstanding optical features and suitable energy level. Namely, the absorption of Al(acac)3 film with thickness of 10 nm is as low as 1% and the transmittance is high up to 95% in the visible and near infrared regions, guarantying full absorption of the photoactive layer and high CRI for ST-OSCs; and the suitable energy level ensures a smooth electron transport and collection process. By introducing Al(acac)3 film in ST-OSCs, the devices based on PM6:Y6 yield an efficiency of 12.41%, an AVT of 25.33% (from 370 nm to 740 nm) and a CRI of 94.6. Encouragingly, the large-area ST-OSC of 100 mm2 with Al(acac)3 buffer layer yields an efficiency of 11.28%. Further long-term stability of ST-OSCs show that the device with encapsulation retains its 60% of the initial PCE over 60 hours continuous illumination. The results indicate that Al(acac)3 is a promising cathode buffer layer for fabricating efficient, large area and stable semi-transparent organic solar cells.
关键词： Semitransparent organic solar cells,cathode buffer layer,stability,Aluminum(III) acetylacetonate,large-area device
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Vein detection with near-infrared organic photodetectors for biometric authentication
摘要： We combine a low dark current and high-detectivity near-infrared (NIR)-sensitive organic photodetector with a high-resolution 508 pixels per inch (ppi) oxide thin-film transistor (TFT) backplane to create a large-area thin NIR detector, using processes that are compatible with flat-panel display fabrication. The detector is characterized showing high uniformity and linearity. With the use of a NIR light source, the detector is capable of imaging the (pattern of) veins under the skin in reflection, leading to improved biometric authentication.
关键词： near-infrared organic photodiodes,vein detection,biometric authentication,large-area photodetector arrays
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01