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Efficacy of low-level laser therapy on pain and disability in knee osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials
摘要： Objectives Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is not recommended in major knee osteoarthritis (KOA) treatment guidelines. We investigated whether a LLLT dose–response relationship exists in KOA. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Eligible articles were identified through PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on 18 February 2019, reference lists, a book, citations and experts in the field. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies We solely included randomised placebo-controlled trials involving participants with KOA according to the American College of Rheumatology and/or Kellgren/Lawrence criteria, in which LLLT was applied to participants’ knee(s). There were no language restrictions. Data extraction and synthesis The included trials were synthesised with random effects meta-analyses and subgrouped by dose using the World Association for Laser Therapy treatment recommendations. Cochrane’s risk-of- bias tool was used. results 22 trials (n=1063) were meta-analysed. Risk of bias was insignificant. Overall, pain was significantly reduced by LLLT compared with placebo at the end of therapy (14.23 mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; 95% CI 7.31 to 21.14)) and during follow-ups 1–12 weeks later (15.92 mm VAS (95% CI 6.47 to 25.37)). The subgroup analysis revealed that pain was significantly reduced by the recommended LLLT doses compared with placebo at the end of therapy (18.71 mm (95% CI 9.42 to 27.99)) and during follow-ups 2–12 weeks after the end of therapy (23.23 mm VAS (95% CI 10.60 to 35.86)). The pain reduction from the recommended LLLT doses peaked during follow-ups 2–4 weeks after the end of therapy (31.87 mm VAS significantly beyond placebo (95% CI 18.18 to 45.56)). Disability was also statistically significantly reduced by LLLT. No adverse events were reported. Conclusion LLLT reduces pain and disability in KOA at 4–8 J with 785–860 nm wavelength and at 1–3 J with 904 nm wavelength per treatment spot. PrOSPErO registration number CRD42016035587.
关键词： disability,low-level laser therapy,knee osteoarthritis,meta-analysis,pain
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Low-level laser therapy induces human umbilical vascular endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation through activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
摘要： Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been recognized as a light therapy that may be used for tissue regeneration, inflammation reduction, and pain relief. We intended to evaluate the effects of LLLT on the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs as well as their related mechanisms. HUVECs were exposed to laser irradiation under different laser parameters (irradiation dose, interval and power intensity) in order to choose the optimal parameters, which were determined by the increase in proliferation of HUVECs as follows: irradiation dose of 4.0 J/m2, interval time of 12 h and 6 times in total. The HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation, and levels of angiogenesis-related genes (HIF-1α, eNOS and VEGFA) were examined following LLLT. As suggested by the obtained data, LLLT (1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 J/m2) increased the HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation in dose-and time-dependent manner, accompanied with increases in the levels of HIF-1α, eNOS, and VEGFA. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanism regarding the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway was explored, phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt proteins were assessed by Western blot assay, which showed the enhancement of phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR by LLLT. The inhibitor for the PI3K/Akt axis was used to verify the involvement of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The obtained results suggested that the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway attenuated the effects of LLLT on proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of HUVECs. In conclusion, LLLT promotes the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of HUVECs via activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
关键词： Vascular endothelial growth factor,Low-level laser therapy,PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,Migration,Angiogenesis
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Effects of photobiomodulation with lowa??level laser therapy on muscle repair following a peripheral nerve injury in Wistar rats
摘要： Introduction: Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) can lead to sensory and/or motor impairment. As a treatment photobiomodulation (PBM) has demonstrated positive effects in terms of the maintenance of muscle activation and trophism. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control, injury, injury+PBM, injury+PBMn (irradiation over injured nerve), injury+PBMm (irradiation over affected muscle) and injury+PBMnm (irradiation over nerve and muscle). The left sciatic nerve was submitted to a crushing injury. Treatment was administered with low-level laser (780 nm, 0.04 cm2, 1 W/cm2, 3.2 J) over the injured nerve and/or the tibialis anterior muscle. Results: The effects of PBM were favorable on muscle morphology and gene expression of calcineurin, myogenin and acetylcholine receptors. Conclusion: PBM led to an acceleration on muscle repair process and effects were more evident in two weeks after PNI. Thus, PBM is indicated for the area over both the injured nerve and the affected muscle.
关键词： Regulatory myogenic factors,Photobiomodulation,Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,Sciatic nerve,Nerve regeneration,Low-level laser therapy
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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<b> Comparative study of Low-level laser therapy and microcurrent on the healing of skin burns in rats</b>
摘要： This study investigated and compared the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and microcurrent in the burn healing process in Wistar rats. We conducted a randomized controlled study with 30 rats divided into 3 groups (n = 10); control group (CG), laser group (LG) and microcurrent group (MG). After thermal damage, 10 applications of 660 nm diode laser were performed in GL and 10 applications of 60 Hz microcurrent (160 μA) in MG. The semi-quantitative histological analysis was done using scores (0–3), in sections stained by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome. The results indicated a significant improvement in the fibroblasts proliferation, collagen fibers deposition, neoangiogenesis, and cutaneous appendages regeneration in MG and LG. When microcurrent and LLLT were compared, no difference was detected, except the regeneration and formation of new cutaneous appendages, observed in MG. Despite the similar effects, GM showed faster tissue repair with the formation of skin appendages.
关键词： low-level laser therapy,electric stimulation therapy,wound healing
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Evaluation of the Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Diabetic Bone Healing
摘要： The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and biphasic alloplastic bone graft material on diabetic bone healing. Induction of diabetes was performed in 14 male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of a 50 mg/kg dose of streptozotocin. Two bilaterally symmetrical non-critical-sized bone defects were created in the parietal bones in each rat. Right defects were filled with biphasic alloplastic bone graft. Rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 1 group receiving 10 sessions of LLLT (GaAlAs, 78.5 J/cm2, 100mW, 0.028 cm2 beam). The LLLT was started immediately after surgery and once every 3 days during postoperative period. At the end of treatment period, new bone formation and osteoblast density were determined using histomorphometry. Empty (control), graft-filled, LLLT-treated and both graft-filled and LLLT-treated bone defects were compared. New bone formation was higher in the graft treatment samples compared with the control (P ? 0.009) and laser samples (P ? 0.029). In addition, graft–laser combination treatment samples revealed higher bone formation than control (P ? 0.008) and laser (P ? 0.026) samples. Osteoblast density was significantly higher in the laser treatment (P <0.001), graft treatment (P ? 0.001) and graft–laser combination treatment (P <0.001) samples than control samples. In addition, significantly higher osteoblast density was observed in the graft-laser combination treatment samples compared to the graft treatment samples (P ? 0.005). The LLLT was effective to stimulate osteoblastogenesis but failed to increase bone formation. Graft augmentation for treatment of bone defects seems essential for proper bone healing in diabetes, regeneration may be supported by the LLLT to enhance osteoblastogenesis.
关键词： Bone healing,diabetes,low-level laser therapy
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Comparison of the efficiency of alveolar decortication and low level laser therapy on orthodontic tooth movement and alveolar metabolism in rats
摘要： Background/purpose: Reducing orthodontic treatment duration has many advantages for both clinicians and patients. This study was designed to compare the effects of alveolar decortication and low level laser therapy methods on tooth movement rate and alveolar bone metabolism. Materials and methods: A total of 42 Wistar albino rats were divided into three main groups as: Alveolar decortication (AD), low level laser therapy (LLLT) and only orthodontic force (F). The groups were evaluated at 7 and 14 day time points. Tooth movement rates were calculated by measuring the space between the contact points of the first and second molars. Comparisons regarding the alveolar bone metabolism were accomplished by evaluating osteoclast counts and RANKL - OPG expressions. Results: The rate of tooth movement, at all time points, was significantly higher for the AD group than the other groups and was significantly higher in the LLLT group than the F group. At both time points, the RANKL and OPG expression in the AD group was significantly higher than the other groups and these parameters in the LLLT group was significantly higher than the F group. The osteoclast count values in the AD and LLLT groups were significantly higher than the F group and there were no significant differences between these two groups at all time points. Conclusion: This study shows that, to be more effective at AD, both AD and LLLT therapy significantly increases the level of tooth movement in the early period through their stimulating effects on the alveolar bone metabolism.
关键词： Tooth movement,Low level laser therapy,Alveolar decortication,RANKL-OPG
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Photobiostimulation activity of different low-level laser dosage on masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint in an induced arthritis rat model
摘要： This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of different dosage of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in an experimental model of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis. One hundred male Wistar rats were used and divided into the following groups: CG, control group; AG, animals group with left TMJ arthritis induced by intra-articular injection of Complete Freund’s adjuvant - CFA; LG5, LG10 and LG20 - animals with arthritis and treated with LLLT at doses 5, 10, and 20 J/cm2, respectively. Morphological analysis was performed by TMJ histological sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), picrosirius (PSR), and toluidine blue (TB), as well as histomorphometric evaluation of cartilage, articular disc, and masticatory muscles. The amount of feed consumed within 3 weeks was evaluated, and biochemical analysis of TMJ tissues included measurement of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 zymography, and ELISA for cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Only the 20 J/cm2 dose promoted higher feed intake compared to AG. On the other hand, all LLLT doses promoted better organization of articular disc collagen fibers, greater number of proteoglycans in articular cartilage, increased area and diameter of left lateral pterygoid fibers, reduced latent and active MMP 9 and 2 activity, and lower IL-1β concentration compared to AG. Considering the study limitations, it was observed that LLLT treatments were effective in protecting and tissue cleansing joint structures, accelerating tissue repair, especially at lower doses.
关键词： Arthritis,Inflammation,Low-level laser therapy,Masticatory muscles,Temporomandibular joint disorders
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Effect of Low-level Laser Therapy on Orthodontic Tooth Movement
摘要： Prolonged orthodontic treatment duration is detrimental in terms of increased incidence of caries, root resorption, and reduced patient compliance. The aim of this randomized, clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and pain control. Materials and Methods: This single-blind study included twenty participants requiring extraction of all first premolars. Randomly selected split-mouth design was used. One side was irradiated with 810 nm diode laser (dose of 5.0 J/cm2) at 10 points for 10 s. Irradiation was performed just after loading canine retraction forces and on days 3rd and 7th. Every 21st day, the force level of coil spring was adjusted, and LLLT protocol was repeated till retraction was complete. Measurements were recorded on study models to evaluate the rate of retraction. Results: Significant increase in OTM was observed on the side exposed to LLLT when compared to control side (P < 0.05). Statistically significant difference in pain perception was observed during first 2 days only between lased site and control site (P < 0.05). Conclusion: LLLT is a reliable tool for enhancing OTM and is effective in relieving pain at parameter settings and protocol used in this study.
关键词： Low?level laser therapy,orthodontic tooth movement,pain perception
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy, ultrasound therapy, and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in the treatment of patients with TMDs: a prospective study
摘要： Introduction A temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is considered to be multifactorial with several treatment modalities available to provide symptomatic relief. The use of non-invasive biological techniques with minimal or no side effects is highly recommended. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT), therapeutic ultrasound (Th.US), and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) for the management of TMDs. Methodology A total of 45 patients (16 males and 29 females) with an age range between 20 and 50 years having temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder with TMJ pain, joint sounds, limited mouth opening, and pain in muscles of mastication were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into 3 equal groups where group I was given class IV A low-level laser therapy (indium gallium arsenide phosphide [InGaAsP]) at a wavelength of 940 nm biweekly for 4 weeks. Group II was given therapeutic ultrasound in continuous mode at a frequency of 1 MHz and intensity of 1–1.25 W/cm2 for 3 min/session (3 sessions of 3 min each in every visit). The patients in group III were given TENS therapy with low-intensity current for a duration of 30 min, with a pulse rate of 0.11 Hz biweekly. All the patients were followed up twice a week until 1 month corresponding to total eight visits in 4 weeks to check for reduction in pain intensity, number of tender points, joint sounds, and maximal possible mouth opening. Results There was a statistically significant greater reduction in pain (p < 0.005), greater increase in mouth opening (p < 0.005), and more reduction in tender points (p < 0.005) in LLLT group. The significant comparative results could be observed in the first week of therapy itself. The results revealed that LLLT provided most significant symptomatic relief followed by therapeutic ultrasound and least improvement was observed in TENS group. Conclusion Although all the three physical therapies improved the signs and symptoms of TMDs, LLLT was found to be most effective in relieving pain, improving mouth opening, and reducing the number of tender points from the baseline until the end of the treatment compared with therapeutic ultrasound and TENS. Hence, it can be concluded that LLLT is a safe and clinically effective therapy for managing patients with TMJ pain and reduced mouth opening.
关键词： Therapeutic ultrasound,Low-level laser therapy,TENS,Temporomandibular disorders
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Persistent Erythema Ab Igne Occurring After Low-Level Laser Therapy for Lipolysis
摘要： Erythema ab igne (EAI) is a chronic skin condition characterized by blanchable, reticular, erythematous, hyperpigmented macules and patches and can develop from prolonged exposure to infrared radiation in close proximity. It is often asymptomatic; however, some patients report mild skin sensitivity and pruritus. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) uses red light for non-invasive body contouring.1 Current literature suggests that LLLT provides statistically significant fat reduction in the absence of serious adverse events.2 Although EAI after prolonged electronic device use has been reported, it is not considered an adverse effect of LLLT. Here, we report a case of persistent EAI post-LLLT for lipolysis and body contouring.
关键词： Adverse event,Erythema ab igne,Body contouring,Low-level laser therapy,Lipolysis
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22