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Heterostructure Improvements of the Solar Cells based on Perovskite
摘要： In this paper we present p-i-n GaAs & perovskite PV cells comparison of in-series or in-parallel connection. It is made based on the two tandems types with a non-monolithic connection and experimental sub-cells. The results based on tandems simulation are discussed. It is shown that the in-parallel connection is preferable than in-series even when the sub-cell photocurrents are not balanced and the open circuit voltages (Voc) are close to each other. In-parallel connection cell efficiency more than 22 % is demonstrated for the GaAs shading effect by MAPbI3 film, with an achieved short-circuit current density (Jsc) - 39 mA/cm2.
关键词： perovskite,solar cell,tandem
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Reducing agents for improving the stability of Sn-based perovskite solar cells
摘要： Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have aroused tremendous research interest for their high efficiency, low cost and solution processability. However, the involvement of toxic lead in state-of-art perovskites hinders their market prospects. As an alternative, Sn-based perovskites exhibit similar semiconductor characteristic and can potentially achieve comparable photovoltaic performance in comparison with their lead-based counterparts. The main challenge of developing Sn-based PCSs lies in the intrinsic poor stability of Sn2+, which could be oxidized and converted to Sn4+. Notably, introduction of SnX2 additive becomes indispensable in the fabrication process, which highlights the importance of incorporating a reducing agent to improve the device stability. Additionally, efforts are made to utilize other reducing agents with different functions for the further enhancement of device performance. Currently, Sn-based PSCs could attain a record efficiency over 10% with great stability. In this review, we present the recent progress on reducing agents for improving the stability of Sn-based PSCs, and we hope to shed light on the challenges and opportunities of this research field.
关键词： Sn-based perovskite,solar cell,reducing agents,stability
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The effect of the spinning speed variation on the perovskite solar cell efficiency
摘要： In this work, compact titanitum dioxide (c-TiO2), amorphous titanitum dioxide (mp-TiO2) and methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) films were prepared by spin coating method under different different rotational speed of the CH3NH3PbI3 films. Many characterization measurements were achieved on the deposited CH3NH3PbI3 films in order to study the change that resulted from different parameters. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements revealed that the lattice constants of the fabricated CH3NH3PbI3 films were close to the slandered values. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were conducted in order to study the morphology of the fabricated CH3NH3PbI3 films at different scale, these results displayed that the grain size of the CH3NH3PbI3 films in the range between about 160nm to 210 nm. The field emiision scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) results of the fabricated CH3NH3PbI3 films were well agreed to the AFM result especially in the grains shape and distribution. Transmittance measurements have been done to determine the variation of the energy gap and absorption coefficient the CH3NH3PbI3 films. The structure form of the perovskite solar cells were FTO/c-TiO2/mp-TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/Au, the C-V measurements were achieved to determine the built-in potential, which found to have the highest value when using 4000 rpm during the synthesis of the perovskite layer. In addition, the I-V measurements in dark conditions have been conducted to compute the ideality factor and the saturation current, which are considered important parameters that influences the characteristics of the solar cells. The best solar cell efficiency was obtained at spinning speed of 4000 rpm.
关键词： CH3NH3PbI3,efficiency,spin coating,perovskite solar cell,spinning speed
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Barium doping effect on the photovoltaic performance and stability of MA0.4FA0.6BaxPb1-xIyCl3-y perovskite solar cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have earned widespread attention owing to its fast-growing power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, there are some challenges for this type of solar cells. The toxicity issue, current density-voltage (J-V) hysteresis, and uncertain stability hinder commercialization. In this study, we developed the PSCs with MA0.4FA0.6BaxPb1-xIyCl3-y film as active layer. The MA0.4FA0.6BaxPb1-xIyCl3-y film with various barium doping concentrations were fabricated by solvent engineering method. We investigate the surface morphology, crystal orientation, and optical property of various perovskite films. Furthermore, the in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (in-situ GIWAXS) is used to analyze the heating crystallization process of perovskite film. We discover that Ba can improve crystallinity and structural stability. For the optimal 5.0 mol% Ba replacement, the PCE of perovskite device is increased to 17.4%, the J-V hysteresis can be completely eliminated and the device demonstrates long-term stability.
关键词： in-situ GIWAXS,perovskite solar cell,J-V hysteresis,barium dopant,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Performance optimization of CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3 based perovskite solar cells by comparing different ETL materials through conduction band offset engineering
摘要： Numerical simulations can provide the physical insights into the carrier transport mechanism in the solar cells, and the factors influencing their performance. In this paper, perovskite solar cell (PSC) based on the mixed perovskite (CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3 has been numerically simulated using the SCAPS simulator. A comparative analysis of different electron transport layers (ETLs) based on their conduction band offsets (CBO) has been performed, while Spiro-OMeTAD was used as a hole transport layer (HTL). Among the proposed ETLs, CdZnS performed better and demonstrated the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.20%. Also, the PCE of the PSC has been optimized by adjusting the doping concentrations in the ETL, Spiro-OMeTAD layer, and the thickness of the perovskite light absorber layer. It was found that the doping concentration of 1021 cm?3 for the CdZnS based ETL and 1020 cm?3 for Spiro-OMeTAD are the optimum concentrations values for demonstrating enhanced efficiency. A 600 nm thick perovskite layer has found to be appropriate for the efficient PSC design. For the initial guessing and numerical model validation, the photovoltaic data of a very stable (over one year with PCE ~13%) n-i-p structured (ITO/TiO2/CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au) PSCs was used. These numerically simulated results signify the optimum performance of the photovoltaic device that can be further implemented to develop the highly efficient PSCs.
关键词： The power conversion efficiency,Hole transport layer,Electron transport layer,Conduction band offset engineering,SCAPS,Perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Based on CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots Electron Transporting Layer with Superior UV Stability
摘要： Stability is the main challenge in the field of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Finding new strategies is required to protect the PSCs from deteriorated agents such as humidity, heating, and illumination. In this study, we propose a new electron transporting layer (ETL), i.e., CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) for the fabrication of efficient and stable PSCs. CdSe/ZnS QDs layer not only works as an ETL but also has down-shifting property, which can improve both efficiency and stability of the PSCs. Using CdSe/ZnS QDs ETL with green emission, a PSC with maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18% is achieved. More importantly, our device shows great UV stability much better than the device with TiO2 ETL, where it retains 90% of its initial PCE value after 75 h under continuous UV illumination.
关键词： down-shifting layer,perovskite,solar cell,CdSe/ZnS QDs,stability,UV stability
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Enhanced performance of tin halide perovskite solar cells by addition of hydrazine monohydrobromide
摘要： Although tin-based perovskite has been considered as a kind of potential environmentally-friendly photovoltaic materials, the tin-based perovskite solar cells are limited due to their poor stability and low conversion efficiency mainly tracing to the oxidation from Sn2t state in tin-based perovskite films. Herein, a facile reductive approach is developed to suppress the oxidation, in which tiny amount of hydrazine monohydrobromide is doped into FASnI3-based perovskite precursor solution as a reducing agent. Our results demonstrate that the addition of hydrazine monohydrobromide could reduce the defects and trap states in perovskite by inhibiting formation of tetravalent tin, and increase the open circuit voltage by widening the bandgap of perovskite. As a consequence, the best optimized perovskite solar cell achieves an excellent power conversion efficiency of 7.81%, which represented a 39.5% improvement compared to the best reference device. The optimized devices display stabilized power output near the maximum power point and negligible hysteresis effect.
关键词： Trap states,Defect,Hydrazine monohydrobromide,Lead-free,Tin-based perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Optical properties of the perovskite films deposited on meso-porous TiO2 by one step and hot casting techniques
摘要： In this work, CH3NH3PbI3 is coated on meso-porous TiO2 films via one step method (OSM) and hot casting technique (HCT). The optical properties of the solution-processed organic inorganic halide perovskite layers deposited on meso-structured TiO2 scaffolds are investigated using UV–Vis reflectance and transmittance spectroscopies at the wavelength range of 400–900 nm. Optical parameters including refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constants, optical conductivity and direct and indirect optical band gaps are calculated and compared for the perovskite films created by above mentioned methods. Optical band gaps are determined from the absorption coefficient values using Tauc's power law. The obtained values of direct band gap for two perovskite films are close to each other (1.56 and 1.58 eV for perovskite layer deposited by OSM and HCT respectively). For both prepared films, the difference between direct and indirect band gaps is 60 meV which is in very good agreement with that reported in literature. In addition to the difference between the perovskite morphology, the optical absorption of perovskite layers created by the HCT is less than that of layers prepared by OSM and therefore the amount of generated photo current is less. This is the main reason that causes the efficiency of perovskite solar cells prepared by HCT (3.0 %) is ~38% less than that of cells created by OSM (4.15 %).
关键词： Spin Coating,one step,Hot casting,Optical properties,Perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Effect of seed layer on growth of rutile TiO <sub/>2</sub> nanorods
摘要： For achieving the high quality of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods, herein, we present a synthesis of rutile TiO2 nanorods on a transparent conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substratewith seed layer by a two-step method. TiO2 thin films were first precoated by spin coating and annealing, followed by the growth of TiO2 nanorods with a hydrothermal method. The crystallographic nanostructures and properties of the nanorods were investigated. XRD results demonstrate that seed layer was tetragonal anatase TiO2 structure while nanorods had tetragonal rutile TiO2 structure. Since the hydrothermal technique was conducted in medium acid, structure of nanorods was induced to form in rutile phase. The major characteristic orientation of nanorods on the seed layers was (002) and minor in (101) planes. FE-SEM results show that seed layer enhances the process to achieve vertical-aligned orientation of the TiO2 nanorods, which contribute to develop electron transport rate and could pay an important role inelectron transport layer in high-performance Perovskite solar cell.
关键词： seed layer,hydrothermal method,rutile TiO2 nanorods,Perovskite solar cell,electron transport layer
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Electronic Traps and its Correlations to Perovskite Solar-Cell Performance via Compositional and Thermal-Annealing Controls
摘要： Herein, underlying factors for enabling efficient and stable performance of perovskite solar cells are studied through nanostructural controls of organic-inorganic halide perovskites. Namely, MAPbI3, (FA0.83MA0.17)Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3, and (Cs0.10FA0.75MA0.15)Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 perovskites (abbreviated as MA, FAMA, and CsFAMA, respectively) are examined with a grain growth control through thermal annealing. FAMA- and CsFAMA- based cells result in stable photovoltaic performance while MA cells are sensitively dependent on the perovskite grain size dominated by annealing time. Micro-/nanoscopic features are comprehensively analysed to unravel the origin that is directly correlated to the cell performance with the applications of electronic-trap characterizations such as photoconductive noise microscopy and capacitance analyses. It is revealed that CsFAMA has a lower trap density compared to MA and FAMA through the analyses of 1/f noises and trapping/detrapping capacitances. Also, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) change is correlated to the variation of trap states during the shelf-life test: FAMA and CsFAMA cells with the negligible change of Voc over weeks exhibit trap states shifting toward the bandedge, although the power-conversion efficiencies are clearly reduced. It is discussed about the origins that critically affect the solar cell performance through the characterizations of shallow/deep traps with additional mobile defects in the perovskite and interfaces.
关键词： 1/f noise,Organic-inorganic halide perovskite,Perovskite solar cell,Capacitance,Electronic trap
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36