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Maze-Like Halide Perovskite Films for Efficient Electron Transport Layer-Free Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) without an electron transport layer (ETL) exhibit fascinating advantages such as simplified configuration, low cost, and facile fabrication process. However, the performance of ETL-free PSCs has been hampered by severe charge carrier recombination induced either by current leakage (insufficient perovskite film coverage) or inferior charge extraction. Herein, an additive-assisted morphological engineering strategy is used to construct an intriguing bilayer perovskite film featuring a dense bottom layer and a maze-like top layer. Such maze-like perovskite films enable the construction of ETL-free PSCs with a PCE of 18.5% and negligible hysteresis, which can be attributed to the higher crystallinity and superior light-harvesting capability of the resultant perovskite film, as well as facilitated hole extraction at the hole transport layer (HTL)/perovskite interface. This work provides a simple approach to modify the perovskite film morphology and demonstrates the correlation between facilitated charge-carrier extraction and high-performance ETL-free perovskite photovoltaics.
关键词： light harvesting,morphological engineering,additives,perovskite solar cells,charge extraction
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Fast Growth of Thin MAPbI <sub/>3</sub> Crystal Wafers on Aqueous Solution Surface for Efficient Lateral-Structure Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Fast Growth of Thin MAPbI3 Crystal Wafers on Aqueous Solution Surface for Efficient Lateral-Structure Perovskite Solar Cells
关键词： aqueous solution,lateral structure,perovskite solar cells,crystal wafer,fast growth
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Copper sulfide nanoparticles as hole-transporting-material in a fully-inorganic blocking layers n-i-p perovskite solar cells: Application and working insights
摘要： One of the challenges in the field of perovskite solar cells (PSC) is the development of inorganic hole-transporting-materials (HTM) suitable for solution-processed deposition, in order to have cheaper, more stable and scalable devices. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of p-type copper sulfide nanoparticles for their application for the first time as a low-cost, fully-inorganic HTM in mesoscopic n-i-p PSC. By employing CuS combined with two different perovskites, CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) and (FAPbI3)0.78(MAPbBr3)0.14(CsPbI3)0.08 (CsFAMAPbIBr), very high current densities and fill-factors are observed, suggesting an effective hole-extraction happening at the CuS interface. Noticeable, our cells exhibit one of the highest power conversion efficiencies (PCE) in n-i-p configuration employing a sole solution-processed inorganic HTM via non-toxic solvents, leading to 13.47% and 11.85% for MAPbI3 and CsFAMAPbIBr, respectively. As a remark, such PCE values are only limited by a reduced open-circuit voltage around 0.8 V, due to different phenomena occurring at perovkite/CuS interface such as an increased non-radiative recombination, caused by considerable difference in valence band value, and the effect of CuS metallic character. Overall, these findings highlight CuS as an extremely cheap alternative to common organic HTMs and pave the way to new improvements employing this material in full-inorganic blocking layers PSC.
关键词： perovskite solar cells.,Copper sulfide,interfaces,inorganic hole-transporting-material
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Hole Blocking Layer-Free Perovskite Solar Cells with High Efficiencies and Stabilities by Integrating Subwavelength-Sized Plasmonic Alloy Nanoparticles
摘要： Perovskite solar cells hold great promise as prospective alternatives of renewable power sources. Recently hole blocking layer-free perovskite solar cells, getting rid of complex and high-temperature fabrication processes, have engaged in innovative designs of photovoltaic devices. However, the elimination of the hole blocking layer constrains the energy conversion efficiencies of perovskite solar cells, and severely degrades the stabilities. In this paper a simple approach (without energy-consuming and time-consuming procedures) for the fabrication of hole blocking layer-free perovskite solar cells has been demonstrated by an integration of copper-silver alloy nanoparticles, which are synthesized by wet chemical method with controllable diameters and elemental compositions. The rear-side integration of the subwavelength-sized silver-copper alloy particles (200 nm diameter), through a spraying/drying method, realizes a pronounced absorption enhancement of the perovskite layer by effectively light scattering in a broadband wavelength range, and achieves a series resistance decrease of the solar cell due to high electrical conductivities of the alloy particles. The particle integration achieves the highest efficiency of 18.89% due to the significant improvement in both optical and electrical properties of solar cells, making this device one of the highest-performing blocking layer-free perovskite solar cells and plasmonic perovskite solar cells. Moreover, the copper-based nanoparticles prevent the perovskite from diffusing into metal back electrodes. Because the diffusion can lead to a severe corrosion of the Au electrode and thus an efficiency degradation, the alloy nanoparticle integration between the perovskite and the electrode results in 80% and 200% improvements in the long-term stability and the photostability of solar cells, respectively. Through the proposed simple and effective fabrication process, our results open up new opportunities in the manufacturability of perovskite solar cells.
关键词： light scattering,Perovskite solar cells,plasmonic,subwavelength-sized,alloy,hole blocking layer,stability
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Fabrication of highly efficient and stable hole‐transport material free perovskite solar cells through morphology and interface engineering: full ambient process
摘要： Carbon based hole-transport material (HTM) free perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) with low cost and high stability have attracted research interests. Here, we report a facile way to improve the performance of HTM free PVSCs by employing two strategies: firstly, adding a small amount of tetrahydrofuran (THF) in lead iodide (PbI2)/N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution to improve the quality of perovskite film; secondly, introducing an ultra-thin Al2O3 film at the interface of TiO2/perovskite to reduce charge recombination. THF is found to facilitate the formation of homogenous perovskite films with better coverage, while the ultra-thin Al2O3 layer will avoid the direct contact of TiO2 with CH3NH3PbI3. The Al2O3 layer can effectively block holes and prevents charge recombination, thus lead to a dramatic improvement of open circuit voltage and fill factor in PVSCs. Moreover, our PVSCs show excellent long term stability with no degradation for 1000 hours under ambient conditions. We provide a facile way for the future commercialization of efficient low-cost HTM-free PVSCs.
关键词： hole conductor free,interface engineering,perovskite solar cells,high stability
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Caesium-Incorporated Triple Cation Perovskites Deliver Fully Reversible and Stable Nanoscale Voltage Response
摘要： Perovskite solar cells that incorporate small concentrations of Cs in their A-site have shown increased lifetime and improved device performance. Yet, the development of fully stable devices operating near the theoretical limit requires understanding how Cs influences perovskites’ electrical properties at the nanoscale. Here, we determine how the chemical composition of three perovskites (MAPbBr3, MAPbI3, and Cs-mixed) affects their short- and long-term voltage stabilities, with <50 nm spatial resolution. We map an anomalous irreversible electrical signature on MAPbBr3 at the mesoscale, resulting in local Voc variations of ~400 mV, and in entire grains with negative contribution to the Voc. These measurements prove the necessity of high spatial resolution mapping to elucidate the fundamental limitations of this emerging material. Conversely, we capture the fully reversible voltage response of Cs-mixed perovskites, containing small amounts of Cs, FA, and Br, demonstrating that the desired electrical output persists even at the nanoscale. The Cs-mixed material presents no spatial variation in Voc, as ion motion is restricted. Our results show that the nanoscale electrical behavior of the perovskites is intimately connected to their chemical composition and macroscopic response.
关键词： ion motion,MAPbI3,Cs-mixed perovskite,MAPbBr3,nanoscale voltage,perovskite solar cells,Kelvin probe force microscopy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Surface Passivation of Perovskite Films via Iodide Salt Coatings for Enhanced Stability of Organic Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Organic–inorganic halide perovskite materials have emerged as attractive alternatives to conventional solar cells, but device stability remains a concern. Recent research has demonstrated that the formation of superoxide species under exposure of the perovskite to light and oxygen leads to the degradation of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites. In particular, it has been revealed that iodide vacancies in the perovskite are key sites in facilitating superoxide formation from oxygen. This paper shows that passivation of CH3NH3PbI3 films with an iodide salt, namely phenylethylammonium iodide (PhEtNH3I) can significantly enhance film and device stability under light and oxygen stress, without compromising power conversion efficiency. These observations are consistent with the iodide salt treatment reducing iodide vacancies and therefore lowers the yield of superoxide formation and improves stability. The present study elucidates a pathway to the future design and optimization of perovskite solar cells with greater stability.
关键词： stability,perovskite solar cells,phenylethylammonium iodide,superoxide,iodide vacancies
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Effect of electron-donating groups on the electrochemical and optical properties of indoline substituents as hole transport materials: A computational study
摘要： The e?ect of electron-donating property of the groups attached to the indoline substituents with two di?erent low-cost cores (tetraazafulvalene and pyrene) as new hole transport materials (HTMs) was studied on their electrochemical and optical behaviors. The calculations were carried out based on the theoretical approaches including density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), and Marcus theory. Some important parameters, such as hole mobility, solubility and stability, absorption and emission spectra, Stokes shift, and HOMO/LUMO energies and distributions were obtained and discussed. It was found that the HOMO of all the designed structures is distributed more widely than their LUMO. The results showed that the maximum absorption band of the designed HTMs is red shifted as the electron-donating ability increases. It is also predicted that TAF/indoline-OMe and Py/indoline-NH2 with the hole mobility of 2.90 × 10?3 and 1.51 × 10?3 cm2 V?1 s?1, respectively give higher ?ll factor and short-circuit current density of the device.
关键词： Hole transporting materials,Perovskite solar cells,Di?erent electron-donating groups,Indoline substituents,DFT/TD-DFT,Cost e?ective
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Ether-soluble Cu53 Nanoclusters as an Effective Precursor of High-quality CuI Films for Optoelectronic Applications
摘要： An effective strategy is developed to synthesize high-nuclearity Cu clusters, [Cu53(RCOO)10(C≡CtBu)20Cl2H18]+ (Cu53), which is the largest Cu(I)/Cu(0) cluster reported to date. Cu powder and Ph2SiH2 are employed as the reducing agents in the synthesis. As revealed by single-crystal diffraction, Cu53 is arranged as a four-concentric-shell Cu3@Cu10Cl2@Cu20@Cu20 structure, possessing an atomic arrangement of concentric M12 icosahedral and M20 dodecahedral shells which popularly occurs in Au/Ag nanoclusters. Surprisingly, Cu53 can be dissolved in diethyl ether and spin coated to form uniform nanoclusters film on organo-lead halide perovskite. The cluster film can subsequently be converted into high-quality CuI film via in-situ iodination at room temperature. The as-fabricated CuI film proves to be an excellent hole-transport layer for fabricating highly stable CuI-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with 14.3% of efficiency.
关键词： CuI film,Cu nanocluster,Alkynyl,Perovskite solar cells,Superatoms
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Outdoor performance of perovskite solar technology: Silicon comparison and competitive advantages at different irradiances
摘要： Perovskite solar cells have shown an impressive performance evolution during the last years. This technology has been mostly tested under laboratory conditions using small area devices. In this work, the outdoor photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells was evaluated under real tropical weather conditions. Specifically, two perovskite modules with active area of 17 and 50 cm2 were fabricated, encapsulated and tested. Taking a commercial silicon panel as reference, both technologies were evaluated for 500 h correlating the in-situ I-V measurements with atmospheric variables measured every minute during the light hours. To obtain the performance and the average outdoor efficiency of devices, we proposed a new adapted methodology based on the standard IEC 61853-1, showing the photovoltaic parameters performance through maps, to graphically visualize their behavior in a broad range of atmospheric conditions. Additionally, we demonstrated that the power delivery and short circuit current of both technologies correlate linearly with the atmospheric variables. Moreover, the open circuit voltage of perovskite technology exhibited a nonlinear behavior and an improved performance with temperature at high irradiance regimes. This work presents reliable information concerning perovskite solar technology performance under real outdoor operation conditions, being this crucial to identify competitive advantages of this technology and the aspects to be improved.
关键词： Temperature,power delivery,Outdoor performance,Irradiance,Perovskite solar cells,Minimodules
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21