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A soft x-ray-ultraviolet (SUV) beamline and diffractometer for resonant elastic scattering and ultraviolet-vacuum ultraviolet reflectance at the Singapore synchrotron light source
摘要： A new beamline and a six-circle UHV diffractometer have been constructed at the Singapore Synchrotron Light Source with a broad energy coverage from 3.5 to 1500 eV. The beamline is optimized for ultraviolet-vacuum-ultraviolet optical reflectivity and resonant soft X-ray scattering with medium energy resolution over a broad energy range, achieved by using a self-focusing monochromator consisting of a plane mirror and three variable line spacing gratings. The unique character of the diffractometer comprises 4-circles in the vertical plane and 2-circles in the horizontal plane. Thirteen motions are available inside the UHV chamber with a base pressure of 1 × 10?9 mbar. Two sample holders working independently over a temperature range of 37 K–400 K are controlled by a closed-cycle cryostat, while the bottom holder inside a high field compact pulsed magnet is available for measurements requiring a magnetic field.
关键词： ultraviolet-vacuum ultraviolet reflectance,soft x-ray-ultraviolet beamline,resonant elastic scattering,diffractometer,Singapore synchrotron light source
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Superlattice-enhanced silicon soft X-ray and charged particle detectors with nanosecond time response
摘要： Silicon detectors are an essential measurement tool for Inertial Confinement Fusion and High-Energy-Density Physics Applications, where temporal response of the order of nanoseconds is essential. Soft X-rays (<1 keV), Ultraviolet light, and low-energy electrons (<10 keV) can provide essential information in diagnosing rapidly changing plasma conditions, but reducing the detector dead layer is essential to improving detector response for these shallowly absorbed particles. This paper details a study of silicon detector surface preparation methods such as ion implant parameters, and the addition of a quantum 2D superlattice, to produce fast detectors that are highly sensitive to shallowly absorbed radiation. Measurements of visible light quantum efficiency, electron responsivity, and pulsed x-ray response indicate that detectors with a 2-layer superlattice enjoy a significant benefit over equivalent detectors using an ion implant at the illuminated surface.
关键词： Pulsed power,ICF,HED physics,Silicon detectors,Electron detectors,Soft X-ray detectors
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Fabrication of a precise ellipsoidal mirror for soft X-ray nanofocusing
摘要： In X-ray focusing, grazing incidence mirrors offer advantages of no chromatic aberration and high focusing ef?ciency. Although nanofocusing mirrors have been developed for the hard X-ray region, there is no mirror with nanofocusing performance in the soft X-ray region. Designing a system with the ability to focus to a beam size smaller than 100 nm at an X-ray energy of less than 1 keV requires a numerical aperture larger than 0.01. This leads to dif?culties in the fabrication of a soft X-ray focusing mirror with high accuracy. Ellipsoidal mirrors enable soft X-ray focusing with a high numerical aperture. In this study, we report a production process for ellipsoidal mirrors involving mandrel fabrication and replication processes. The fabricated ellipsoidal mirror was assessed under partial illumination conditions at the soft X-ray beamline (BL25SU) of SPring-8. A focal spot size of less than 250 nm was con?rmed at 300 eV. The focusing tests indicated that the proposed fabrication process is promising for X-ray mirrors that have the form of a solid of revolution, including Wolter mirrors.
关键词： soft X-ray,fabrication process,ellipsoidal mirror,nanofocusing,X-ray focusing
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Cr/C Reflective Multilayer for Wavelength of 44.8 ?
摘要： The working wavelength of Ni-like, Ta soft X-ray laser is 44.8 ?, just near the “water window.” High re?ection multilayers are required for this kind of laser in China. In this work, we design and fabricate carbon-based multilayer re?ective samples. The Cr/C multilayer was selected from proposed candidates such as Co/C, Ni/C, and CoCr/C material combinations. The period thickness is only 22.6 ?. Cr/C multilayers were deposited by the magnetron sputtering method. Multilayers with bi-layer numbers of 150, 200, 250 and 300 were deposited onto super polished silicon wafers. All multilayers have been characterized by grazing incidence X-ray re?ectance (GIXRR). Then, near-normal incidence re?ectance measurements were performed at beamline 3W1B, Beijing synchrotron radiation (BSRF). The highest re?ectance of 13.2% is achieved with the bi-layer number of 300. Transmission electron microscopy measurements also clearly show the sharp Cr–C interfaces in the multilayer.
关键词： Multilayer,Soft X-ray Laser,Re?ectance,Magnetron Sputtering,Synchrotron Radiation
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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<i>In situ </i>soft x-ray absorption spectroscopic study of polycrystalline Fe/MgO interfaces
摘要： In situ soft x-ray absorption spectroscopic study of polycrystalline Fe/MgO interfaces. It is found that at the interface of iron and MgO film, about two monolayers of Fe3O4 is formed. Fe3O4 being the oxide of iron with the highest heat of formation, the reaction appears to be controlled thermodynamically. On the other hand, on the interface with MgO (001) surface, FeO is formed, suggesting that the reaction is limited by the availability of oxygen atoms. Magnetic behavior of the FeO layer gets modified significantly due to proximity effect of the bulk ferromagnetic iron layer.
关键词： FeO,soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy,Fe/MgO interfaces,Fe3O4,magnetic behavior
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Aqueous Solutions Using a Table-Top Femtosecond Soft X-ray Source
摘要： We demonstrate the feasibility of soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the water window using a table-top laser-based approach with organic molecules and inorganic salts in aqueous solution. A high-order harmonic source delivers femtosecond pulses of short wavelength radiation in the photon energy range from 220 eV to 450 eV. We report static soft X-ray absorption measurements in transmission on the solvated compounds CO(NH2)2, CaCl2, and NaNO3, using flatjet technology. We monitor the absorption of the molecular samples between the carbon (≈280 eV) and nitrogen (≈400 eV) K-edges and compare our results with previous measurements performed at the BESSYII facility. We discuss the roles of pulse stability and photon flux in the outcome of our experiments. Our work paves the way towards table-top femtosecond, solution phase soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the water window.
关键词： aqueous solution,high-order harmonic source,flatjet technology,soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy,table-top laser-based approach,femtosecond pulses,water window
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14