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Impact of aminated carbon quantum dots as a novel co-reactant for Ru(bpy)32+: resolving specific electrochemiluminescence for butein detection
摘要： Development of novel nanomaterial-based co-reactant is highly desired for enhancing ECL intensity and widespread analytical applications. Herein, we report the distinct role of amine-functionalized carbon quantum dots (f-CQDs) as a co-reactant, for the first time, augmenting the ECL property of Ru(bpy)3 2+ and demonstrating for biopharmaceutical (butein) detection. Unlike conventional co-reactants like tripropylamine (TPrA), 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol (DBAE), and pristine CQDs, the f-CQDs as a co-reactant yield superior ECL of Ru(bpy)3 2+. More importantly, the ECL intensity is independent of types of noble metals, metal oxide surfaces, and dissolved oxygen. Notably, the ECL intensity of Ru(bpy)3 2+–f-CQDs is linearly quenched with an increased concentration of butein, whereas no changes were observed with conventional co-reactants. ECL functionality of Ru(bpy)3 2+–f-CQDs has no interference with other similar phytochemicals and antioxidants. Enhanced selectivity is observed due to the formation of polyaminoquinone-like structures, which is confirmed by in situ spectroelectrochemical (UV–vis) and FT-IR studies. The present result envisaged that f-CQDs could be an alternative co-reactant for TPrA/DBAE, raising the ECL of Ru(bpy)3 2+ suitable for analytical studies.
关键词： Polyphenol,Functionalized carbon quantum dots (f-CQDs),Co-reactant,Electrochemiluminescence,Butein
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Ethanol-Precipitation-Assisted Highly Efficient Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots from Chitosan
摘要： Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) were prepared from chitosan through a hydrothermal reaction. When ethanol precipitation was used as the puri?cation method, a high product yield of 85.3% was obtained. A strong blue ?uorescence emission with a high quantum yield (QY) of 6.6% was observed from the NCQD aqueous solution. Physical and chemical characteristics of the NCQDs were carefully investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray di?raction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), Raman spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transient ?uorescence spectra. Experimental results showed that diameters of the NCQDs were in the range of 2?10 nm. The carbon quantum dots possess good water dispersibility and precipitation by ethanol. When used for metal ion detection, the detection limit of the NCQDs for Fe3+ was as low as 1.57 μM. This work proposed a facile method to synthesize NCQDs from chitosan with high yield and demonstrated that carbon quantum dots derived from chitosan were promising for ion detection.
关键词： ethanol precipitation,metal ion detection,chitosan,hydrothermal reaction,Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Bio-safety assessment of carbon quantum dots, N-doped and folic acid modified carbon quantum dots: A systemic comparison
摘要： The carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and their functionalized materials are promising in biomedical field because of their unique properties; meanwhile, a growing concern has been raised about the potential toxicity of these modified materials in biosystem. In this study, we synthesized original CQDs and two common functionalized CQDs including N-doped CQDs (NCQDs) and folic acid-modified CQDs (FA-CQDs), and compared the toxicity and biocompatibility with each other in vitro and in vivo. L929, C6 and normal cell MDCK were selected to detect the adverse reaction of these materials in vitro. No acute toxicity or obvious changes were noted from in vitro cytotoxicity studies with the dose of these CQD materials increasing to a high concentration at 1 mg/mL. Among these materials, the FA-CQDs show a much lower toxicity. Moreover, in vivo toxicity studies were performed on the nude mice for 15 days. The experimental animals in 10 or 15 mg/kg groups were similar with animals treated by phosphate buffer solution (PBS) after 15 days. The results of the multifarious biochemical parameters also suggest that the functionalized products of CQDs do not influence the biological indicators at feasible concentration. Our findings in vitro and in vivo through toxicity tests demonstrate that CQDs and their modified materials are safe for future biological applications.
关键词： Biodistribution,Functional materials,Biocompatibility,Fluorescence bioimaging,Carbon quantum dots (CQDs)
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Preparation of multicolored carbon quantum dots using HNO <sub/>3</sub> /HClO <sub/>4</sub> oxidation of graphitized carbon
摘要： The microstructure of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) has a great influence on their fluorescence properties. Here, different microstructures of CQDs were synthesized by the selective oxidation of graphitized activated carbon using HNO3/HClO4 as the oxidant. We characterized the microstructure and surface chemistry of the CQDs, and the results show that the degree of graphitization of activated carbon has a significant effect on the structure and fluorescence properties of the obtained CQDs. The fluorescence of the CQD solution can be tuned from yellow to green by regulating the degree of graphitization of the activated carbon by heat treatment at high temperature (up to 2500 °C). Moreover, the increased degree of graphitization of the raw carbon precursor is beneficial for significantly reducing the fluorescence self-absorption quenching of the concentrated CQD solution. Importantly, the as-prepared CQDs have no cytotoxicity and can be used as bioimaging agents.
关键词： fluorescence properties,graphitization,bioimaging,carbon quantum dots
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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A target analyte induced fluorescence band shift of piperazine modified carbon quantum dots: a specific visual detection method for oxytetracycline
摘要： Through the protection/deprotection of one amine group and the amidation reaction, piperazine was used to modify carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and successfully served as a medium to combine oxytetracyclines (OTC) in solution by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probably occurred between piperazine modified CQDs (P-CQDs) and combined OTC, which resulted in the red-shift of the fluorescence band. Besides superior specificity for examining, a good linear relationship between the maximum emission wavelength of P-CQDs and concentrations of OTC (0 to 10 lM) can be obtained, which provides a rapid and convenient visual fluorescence detection method of OTC.
关键词： carbon quantum dots,oxytetracycline,visual detection,fluorescence resonance energy transfer,piperazine
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Microwave-Assisted and Green Fabrication of Carbon Quantum Dots from Viburnum opulus for Potential Bioimaging Applications
摘要： Early diagnosis is very strategic for today’s diseases such as cancer and infectious diseases. Most of the mortality in these diseases has not been diagnosed early and the mortality rates decrease significantly in early diagnosed cases. Carbon quantum dots (C-dots), which are fluorescent materials used in early diagnosis methods, are both novel and promising materials. The carbon quantum dots have proved their usefulness in bio-applications with this feature. Herein, we reported that a step facile-green microwave-assisted hydrothermal fabrication of C-dots was carried out from Viburnum opulus as a green substrate (Figure 1). The characterization of the fabricated C-dots from Viburnum opulus was accomplished by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectrophotometer, and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The carbon quantum dots have multifunctional properties that can be found in many areas. For example, they are important materials that can be used in high-performance nanoprobes, bio-imaging applications, molecule labeling applications, labeling and imaging techniques in cancer cells, and as contrast agents.
关键词： carbon quantum dots,bio-applications,green synthesis,Viburnum opulus
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Single-Atomically Anchored Cobalt on Carbon Quantum Dots as Efficient Photocatalysts for Visible Light-promoted Oxidation Reactions
摘要： Generation of efficient light-induced charge separation inside the photocatalyst is an essential factor for a high catalytic efficiency. The usual immobilization of metal or metal oxide particles on semiconductor photocatalysts offers an uncontrolled assembly of active sites during the reaction. The introduction of single metal atoms on photocatalysts can lead to extremely high atomic utilization and precise active sites. However, this approach is limited due to the lack of suitable photosensitizers for single atom immobilization. Here, we have designed photocatalytic carbon quantum dots with anchoring sites for single cobalt atoms in a defined Co-N4 structure via facile pyrolysis of vitamin B12. Carbon dots functioned as both light-harvesting antenna and support for cobalt atom with high atom loadings up to 3.27 wt.%. This new photocatalytic material demonstrated enhanced visible light absorption, efficient charge separation, and reduced electrochemical impedance, while the single Co atoms acted as the active site with strong oxidative ability. As a result, the photocatalysts showed excellent visible light-promoted photocatalytic efficiency with oxygen evolution rates up to 168 μmol h-1 g-1 via water oxidation, imine formation with high conversion (~90%) and selectivity (>99%), and complete photodegradation of organic dyes.
关键词： single-atom catalysts,oxidation reactions,carbon quantum dots,photocatalysis,visible light
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots-Decorated Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxide Supported Gold Nanocatalysts for Efficient Base-free Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol
摘要： A nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCDs)-decorated Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (MgAl-LDH) supported gold nanoparticles (NPs) was employed in the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol under solvent-free and base-free conditions. Comprehensive characterizations revealed that the decoration of NCDs improved surface basicity of NCD/MgAl-LDH and was beneficial to the stabilization of gold NPs. Compared with MgAl-LDH supported gold catalyst, Au/NCD/MgAl-LDH showed much better catalytic activity, along with a turnover frequency of about 20175 h-1 for benzyl alcohol conversion. The promoted catalytic efficiency of the NCD/MgAl-LDH supported Au catalyst was mainly corelated with unique cooperation between surface hydroxyl arrays at the brucite-like lattice of MgAl-LDH matrix and highly dispersed NCDs, thereby favoring the adsorption and activation of alcohol hydroxyls. Furthermore, compared with Au/MgAl-LDH, Au/NCD/MgAl-LDH showed better structural stability, due to the strong Au-NCDs interactions. The primary finding opens a promising approach to develop other highly efficient metal-base catalysts applied in various base-catalyzed heterogenous reactions.
关键词： Surface metal-base cooperation,Layered double hydroxide,Au nanoparticles,Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots,Oxidation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Preparation and application of carbon quantum dots filled hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres
摘要： Hollow mesoporous silica and carbon quantum dots play an important role in the field of biological applications. In this study, a nanoscale hollow mesoporous silica nanosphere (HMSN) was used as the main body of a drug transport system, which filled with a small amount of carbon quantum dots. The hollow mesoporous silica structure provides a large specific surface area and cavity structure for efficient drug loading. And the carbon quantum dots could provide good fluorescence for imaging. By filling carbon quantum dots inside of silica nanospheres and in mesopores on the surface, the hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres became fluorescent and could be used as a fluorescent probe. And the potential photothermal effect of the internal carbon quantum dots also makes it possible to achieve controlled drug release through temperature changes.
关键词： fluorescent probe,carbon quantum dots,photothermal effect,HMSN
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Novel up-conversion carbon quantum dots/α-FeOOH nanohybrids eliminate tetracycline and its related drug resistance in visible-light responsive Fenton system
摘要： In this study, novel up-converted carbon quantum dots (CQD) incorporated goethite (α-FeOOH) nanohybrids (CQDs/α-FeOOH) were fabricated via a facile hydrolysis method. CQDs/α-FeOOH exhibited remarkably degradation efficiency towards tetracycline (TC, 0.1503 min-1), approximately 3.7 times than pristine α-FeOOH with much lower amount of H2O2 (0.5 mM) under visible light irradiation (λ＞420 nm). The quenching and electron spin resonance (ESR) tests proved ·OH, O2·- and 1O2 were involved in TC degradation in CQDs/α-FeOOH catalyzed Fenton system. The potential Ultraviolet-Visible-Infrared (UV–vis-IR) broad-spectrum responsive properties of CQDs/α-FeOOH were proved in degradation various surface charged organic contaminants regarding the function of coupling up-conversion CQDs. CQDs/α-FeOOH also exhibited wide application pH, excellent durability, fairly good catalytic performance within different practical water matrices and completely eliminated related drug resistance of TC even under real solar-light conditions. The good biocompatibility makes CQDs/α-FeOOH served as a promising photocatalyst for remediation of water contamination with efficient utilization of solar energy.
关键词： Up-conversion effect,Goethite,Heterogeneous Fenton reaction,Carbon quantum dots,Tetracycline
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22