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High tension electrocution death: New histopathological cardiac tools by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope
摘要： In deaths due to electrocution intraepidermal separation, vacuolation of epidermal cells, “swiss cheese” aspect of the superficial part of epidermis (swollen and with multiple vescicles), metallization, necrosis of collagenous fibers, cardiomyocytes alterations are microscopically described. No cardiac nerve damage due to electricity is actually reported in literature. In this work we tried to find new morphological signs in the hearts of deaths due to electrocution. In three cases of deaths due to electrocution, in which forensic autopsies were performed within 36 h of the death, heart specimens were taken at the level of common trunk of the left coronary artery. The myocardium histological examination at optical microscope and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) revealed fragmentation of cardiomyocytes, nerve trunks damage with hydropic swelling of the nerve fibers, interstitial and sub-nerve-sheath edema, very dishomogenous distribution of the natural fluorescence of the neurofilaments, coarctation of epicardial gangliar cells with cytoplasmic cleft and irregular fluorescence pattern. Identification of S-100 protein by immunohistochemistry can help to better observe the hydropic swelling of the nerve fibers and the central cytoplasmic clefts. These alterations could be used in future as specific signs of the passage of the electrical current through the heart. We recommend heart specimens at the level of common trunk of the left coronary artery in all the cases of suspected electrocution, to better evaluate cardiac nerve trunks damages and alterations.
关键词： Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM),Histology,Cardiac nerves,Electrocution,Fluorescence,Heart
更新于2025-11-21 11:20:42
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Dynamic changes in optic disc morphology, choroidal thickness, anterior chamber parameters, and intraocular pressure during Valsalva maneuver
摘要： Purpose: To investigate the effects of the Valsalva maneuver (VM) on optic disc morphology, choroidal thickness, and anterior chamber parameters. Methods: This prospective observational study included 60 eyes of 60 healthy subjects. The anterior chamber parameters, including central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), anterior chamber volume (ACV), pupil diameter (PD), axial length (AL), subfoveal and peripapillary choroidal thickness, optic disc parameters, and intraocular pressure (IOP), were measured at rest and during VM. Results: VM did not have any significant influence on AL, subfoveal and peripapillary choroidal thickness, optic disc area, rim area, cup area, cup-to-disc area ratio, vertical cup-to-disc ratio, rim volume, cup volume, and nerve head volume measurements (for all; p>0.05). IOP and PD significantly increased during VM (for both; p<0.001). VM significantly decreased CCT, ACD, ACA, and ACV values (for all; p<0.001). Moreover, the optic nerve cup volume decreased and the horizontal cup-to-disc ratio significantly increased during VM (for both; p<0.05). Conclusions: VM may cause transient changes in IOP, optic disc morphology, and anterior chamber parameters.
关键词： Anterior chamber,Optic disc/anatomy & histology,Valsalva maneuver,Intraocular pressure,Choroid/anatomy & histology
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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The Evolution of the Plateau, an Optical Coherence Tomography Signature Seen in Geographic Atrophy
摘要： PURPOSE. Histologic details of progression routes to geographic atrophy (GA) in AMD are becoming available through optical coherence tomography (OCT). We studied the origins and evolution of an OCT signature called plateau in eyes with GA and suggested a histologic correlate. METHODS. Serial eye-tracked OCT scans and multimodal imaging were acquired from eight eyes of seven patients with GA and plateau signatures over a mean follow-up of 7.7 years (range, 3.7–11.6). The histology of unrelated donor eyes with AMD was reviewed. RESULTS. Drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment (PED) on OCT imaging progressed into wide-based mound-like signatures with flattened apices characterized by a hyporeflective yet heterogeneous interior and an overlying hyperreflective exterior, similar to outer retinal corrugations previously ascribed to persistent basal laminar deposit (BLamD) but larger. These new signatures are described as "plateaus." An initial increase of the PED volume and hyporeflectivity of its contents was followed by a decrease in PED volume and thinning of an overlying hyperreflective band attributable to the loss of the overlying RPE leaving persistent BLamD. Both imaging and histology revealed persistent BLamD with defects through which gliotic Müller cell processes pass. CONCLUSIONS. Plateaus can be traced back to drusenoid PEDs on OCT imaging. We hypothesize that during progressive RPE atrophy, Müller cell extension through focal defects in the residual persistent BLamD may contribute to the heterogeneous internal reflectivity of these entities. The role of Müller cell activation and extension in the pathogenesis of AMD should be explored in future studies.
关键词： geographic atrophy,multimodal imaging,optical coherence tomography,histology,drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Assessment of anterior and posterior corneal indices using two Scheimpflug analyzers
摘要： Purpose: To assess the agreement between the elevation and curvature measurements of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces obtained using the Galilei Dual Scheimpflug Analyzer and those obtained using the Pentacam single Scheimpflug system. Methods: This prospective, noninterventional, diagnostic study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology at the American University of Beirut (Medical Center) and included 60 eyes of 60 consecutive patients. Measurements were obtained using 2 different Scheimpflug analyzers (Galilei and Pentacam). The best-fit sphere was set at 8 mm in both machines. Pachymetry (CCT), anterior elevation (AE) and posterior elevation (PE), and curvature were assessed. Pearson’s correlation coefficients, comparison of means, and Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate agreement between the 2 systems. Results: The average CCT (at the corneal apex) was 533 ± 35 μm and 532 ± 37 μm (p=0.980), the average central AE was 1.25 ± 3.95 μm and 2.29 ± 5.28 μm (p=0.964), and the average central PE was 4.19 ± 8.18 μm and 5.42 ± 14.05 (p=0.956) μm with the Galilei and Pentacam, respectively. Conclusion: The Scheimpflug analyzers correlated well in the assessment of pachymetry, elevation, and curvature.
关键词： Corneal pachymetry,Photography/instrumentation,Cornea/pathology,Cornea/anatomy & histology,Corneal topography
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Evaluation of angiogenesis, inflammation, and healing on irradiated skin graft with low-level laser therapy in rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus wistar)
摘要： The reconstructive techniques have been widely used in Veterinary Medicine. The post-operative adjuvants therapies like the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) are used to decrease inherent complications to reconstructive surgeries. This article purposed to define the LLLT effects on the healing, inflammation, and vascularization of the skin grafts in applicable time intervals to veterinary surgical routine. Forty rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus wistar) were used and each one was submitted to autogenous cutaneous mesh grafting in the interescapular region. The rats were randomly distributed in five groups (G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5) in accordance with the 6 J/cm2 or 10 J/cm2 dose every 3 or 5 days. These treatments were applied on the skin graft for 15 days. The histochemical evaluation with Picrosirius showed greater expression of collagen type 1 – red in grafts of G5 (p < 0.05), while in G1 did not; the expression of collagen type III – green was not induced by LLLT. The histochemical evaluation with hematoxylin-eosin showed greater numbers of fibroblasts in grafts of G4 (p < 0.05) and less hemorrhage in grafts of G5 (p < 0.05). There was modulation of the inflammatory response in irradiated skin grafts. It is concluded the exhibition of the skin grafts to 6 J/cm2 or 10 J/cm2 dose every 5 days improved the healing and the modulation of the local inflammation.
关键词： Skin graft,CD31,Low-level laser therapy,COX-2,Histology,Picrosirius
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Quantitative Diagnosis of Atrophic Gastritis by Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy
摘要： Aims. The aims of this study were to characterize nonatrophic and atrophic gastric mucosa under conventional endoscopy and probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) modes and to de?ne quantitative diagnostic parameters for these lesions under pCLE. Method. In phase I, 64 patients with gastric mucosal lesions diagnosed by gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled in the study. Normal mucosa and suspicious lesions were evaluated under normal white light imaging (WLI) and pCLE mode. Descriptive characteristic of gastric mucosal in?ammation and atrophy under pCLE were de?ned according to the histology. In phase II, the criteria for nonatrophic gastritis (NAG) and chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) under pCLE were used to diagnose the mucosal lesions in 431 patients. Diagnostic accuracy of each endoscopy modes was evaluated by measuring the concordance with histology. Result. A total of 64 patients with 187 positions were enrolled in the ?rst part of this study. According to the histological diagnosis, the vessel diameter was increased in the NAG (11.18 ± 0.1 μm) and CAG (13.21 ± 0.29 μm) groups compared to the normal group (10.58 ± 0.13 μm); meanwhile, the distance between glands was 17.75 ± 0.51 μm in the normal group, 22.38 ± 0.45 μm in the NAG group, and 34.66 ± 0.82 μm in the CAG group, which increased signi?cantly compared to nonatrophic mucosa. In order to di?erentiate atrophic mucosa from nonatrophic mucosa in real time, the cuto? value between these two kinds of lesions was >30 μm in distance between glands. In phase II, 431 patients with 431 positions were evaluated under pCLE by using the criteria above. The sensitivity, speci?city, PPV, and NPV for the diagnostic parameter were 90.3%, 78.8%, 85.1%, and 85.8%. The consistency of pCLE (Kappa value ? 0.698) with histology was much better than WLI (Kappa value ? 0.393). Conclusion. pCLE shows high potential for the diagnosis of gastric in?ammation and atrophy based on quantitative criteria and has the ability to be a substitute for histology in the diagnosis of di?use lesions in the stomach.
关键词： quantitative diagnosis,probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy,atrophic gastritis,gastric mucosa,histology
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Microneedle fractional radiofrequency-induced micropores evaluated by in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and histology
摘要： Background: Microneedle fractional radiofrequency (MNRF) is a minimally invasive technique that delivers radiofrequency (RF) energy into the skin via microneedles. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) enable the characterization of device-tissue interactions in in vivo skin. The aim of this study is to describe MNRF-induced micropores using RCM and OCT imaging. Materials and methods: Five healthy participants were treated with a 7 × 7 array of 1500 μm microneedles on two adjacent areas of the right hip. One area received MNRF using high RF energy while the other underwent MNRF at low RF energy. Micropore morphology was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively with RCM and OCT. To relate imaging with histology, one participant underwent punch biopsy in both areas. Results: Reflectance confocal microscopy visualized shape, content, and thermal-induced coagulation zone (CZ) of MNRF micropores. At high RF energy, micropores showed concentric shape, contained hyperreflective granules, and coagulated tissue from epidermis to dermo-epidermal junction (diameter 63-85 μm). Micropores at low RF energy, presented with a stellate shape, no content and CZs that were visible only in epidermis (CZ thickness 9 μm, IQR 8-21 μm). Evaluating OCT, high RF energy showed deeper (150 μm), more easily identifiable micropores compared to low RF energy micropores (70 μm). Histology showed tissue coagulation to a depth of 1500 μm at high RF energy, while at low RF energy, disruption was only visible in epidermis. Conclusion: Microneedle fractional radiofrequency micropores show distinct characteristics in both RCM and OCT, depending on RF energy. These in vivo imaging modalities are complementary and allow combined, qualitative, and quantitative evaluation.
关键词： microneedle fractional radiofrequency,histology,optical coherence tomography,micropore,reflectance confocal microscopy
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Digital Staining of High-Definition Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Images Using Deep Learning
摘要： Histological stains, such as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), are routinely used in clinical diagnosis and research. While these labels offer a high degree of specificity, throughput is limited by the need for multiple samples. Traditional histology stains, such as immunohistochemical labels, also rely only on protein expression and cannot quantify small molecules and metabolites that may aid in diagnosis. Finally, chemical stains and dyes permanently alter the tissue, making downstream analysis impossible. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging has shown promise for label-free characterization of important tissue phenotypes and can bypass the need for many chemical labels. Fourier transform infrared classification commonly leverages supervised learning, requiring human annotation that is tedious and prone to errors. One alternative is digital staining, which leverages machine learning to map IR spectra to a corresponding chemical stain. This replaces human annotation with computer-aided alignment. Previous work relies on alignment of adjacent serial tissue sections. Since the tissue samples are not identical at the cellular level, this technique cannot be applied to high-definition FT-IR images. In this paper, we demonstrate that cellular-level mapping can be accomplished using identical samples for both FT-IR and chemical labels. In addition, higher-resolution results can be achieved using a deep convolutional neural network that integrates spatial and spectral features.
关键词： convolutional neural networks,FT-IR,deep learning,Fourier transform infrared,histopathology,Histology,classification,digital staining
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Deep learning for FTIR histology: leveraging spatial and spectral features with convolutional neural networks
摘要： Current methods for cancer detection rely on tissue biopsy, chemical labeling/staining, and examination of the tissue by a pathologist. Though these methods continue to remain the gold standard, they are non-quantitative and susceptible to human error. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging has shown potential as a quantitative alternative to traditional histology. However, identification of histological components requires reliable classification based on molecular spectra, which are susceptible to artifacts introduced by noise and scattering. Several tissue types, particularly in heterogeneous tissue regions, tend to confound traditional classification methods. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are the current state-of-the-art in image classification, providing the ability to learn spatial characteristics of images. In this paper, we demonstrate that CNNs with architectures designed to process both spectral and spatial information can significantly improve classifier performance over per-pixel spectral classification. We report classification results after applying CNNs to data from tissue microarrays (TMAs) to identify six major cellular and acellular constituents of tissue, namely adipocytes, blood, collagen, epithelium, necrosis, and myofibroblasts. Experimental results show that the use of spatial information in addition to the spectral information brings significant improvements in the classifier performance and allows classification of cellular subtypes, such as adipocytes, that exhibit minimal chemical information but have distinct spatial characteristics. This work demonstrates the application and efficiency of deep learning algorithms in improving the diagnostic techniques in clinical and research activities related to cancer.
关键词： tissue classification,spatial features,convolutional neural networks,deep learning,spectral features,FTIR histology
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Non-invasive prediction of lung cancer histological types through exhaled breath analysis by UV-irradiated electronic nose and GC/QTOF/MS
摘要： Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most lethal diseases from the last decades. Accurate diagnosis of LC histology could lead to the prescription of personalized medical treatment to the affected subjects, which could reduce the mortality rate. We present here an experimental study performed in the pulmonology units of three hospitals from Morocco to non-invasively detect LC and predict LC histology via the analysis of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted through breathing. Gas chromatography coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC/QTOF/MS) employed to detect the breath VOCs, revealed 30 discriminative VOCs in the breath of healthy subjects and LC patients; among them, 4 unique of LC (non-small cell LC and small cell LC), as well as between two of the major subtypes of employed to characterize the overall composition of the collected breath samples, providing a non-small cell LC, namely squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC). The satisfactory discrimination between the breath patterns of LC patients and healthy subjects. novel sensing technique in breath analysis, based on UV-irradiation of the gas sensors, was Importantly, the e-nose could further discriminate with high accuracy between the two types breath VOCs were found for the first time in the breath of LC patients, and could be used as new biomarkers for future LC diagnosis. Besides, an electronic nose (e-nose) system using a Keywords: Breath analysis, Lung cancer, Histology, GC/QTOF/MS, Electronic nose, UV- can provided an accurate mean for the non-invasive diagnosis of LC and LC histology. reported results prove that breath analysis with chemical gas sensors and analytical techniques irradiated WO3 sensors.
关键词： Lung cancer,Histology,UV-irradiated WO3 sensors,Electronic nose,Breath analysis,GC/QTOF/MS
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59