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Proof of concept of plasmonic thermal destruction of surface cancers by gold nanoparticles obtained by green chemistry
摘要： A greener approach for the design of surface plasmon resonant gold nanoparticles has been obtained with a hydrosoluble fraction of an endemic asteraceae medicinal plant. This medicinal plant is originated from Indian Ocean and demonstrates its bioreducing activity in the design of stable green nanomedicine in aqueous media. This article describes the preclinical assessment of the efficacy of these novel nanocandidates on murine model by intratumoral and intravenous injections. It definitely demonstrates two key points in the treatment of cancer: 1) optimization of the tumor microenvironment targeting by specific ligands for a limited damage on healthy tissue, 2) the need to screen the specific irradiation dose (time, power) taking into account the type of tumor.
关键词： Medicinal plant,Hyperthermia,Green nanomedicine,Plasmonic photothermal therapy,Gold nanoparticle
更新于2025-11-14 15:25:21
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Hypoxia-Irrelevant Photonic Thermodynamic Cancer Nanomedicine
摘要： The hypoxic tumor microenvironment severely lowers the therapeutic efficacy of oxygen-dependent anticancer modalities because tumor hypoxia hinders the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species. Here we report a thermodynamic cancer-therapeutic modality that employs oxygen-irrelevant free radicals generated from thermo-labile initiators for inducing cancer-cell death. Free radical nanogenerator was engineered via direct growth of mesoporous silica layer onto the surface of two-dimensional Nb2C MXene nanosheets towards multifunctionality, where the mesopore provided the reservoirs for initiators and MXene core acted as the photonic-thermal trigger at near infrared-II biowindow (NIR-II). Upon illumination by a 1064 nm NIR-II laser, the photothermal-conversion effect of Nb2C MXene induced the fast release and quick decomposition of the encapsulated initiators (AIPH) to produce free radicals, which promoted cancer-cell apoptosis in both normoxic and hypoxic microenvironment. Systematic in vitro and in vivo evaluations have demonstrated the synergistic-therapeutic outcome of this intriguing photonic nanoplatform-enabled thermodynamic cancer therapy for completely eradicating the tumors without recurrence by NIR-II laser irradiation. This work pioneers the thermodynamic therapy for oxygen-independent cancer treatment by photonic triggering at NIR-II biowindow.
关键词： nanomedicine,thermodynamic therapy,photothermal effect,tumor hypoxia,free radicals
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Quantitative Measure of the Size Dispersity in Ultrasmall Fluorescent Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Core-Shell Silica Nanoparticles by Small-angle X-ray Scattering
摘要： Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was performed on dispersions of ultrasmall (d < 10 nm) fluorescent organic-inorganic hybrid core-shell silica nanoparticles synthesized in aqueous solutions (C′ dots) by using an oscillating flow cell to overcome beam induced particle degradation. Form factor analysis and fitting was used to determine the size and size dispersity of the internal silica core containing covalently encapsulated fluorophores. The structure of the organic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) shell was modelled as a monodisperse corona containing concentrated and semi-dilute regimes of decaying density and as a simple polydisperse shell to determine the bounds of dispersity in the overall hybrid particle. C′ dots containing single growth step silica cores have dispersities of 0.19-0.21; growth of additional silica shells onto the core produces a thin, dense silica layer, and increases the dispersity to 0.22-0.23. Comparison to FCS and DLS measures of size shows good agreement with SAXS measured and modelled sizes and size dispersities. Finally, comparison of a set of same sized and purified particles demonstrates that SAXS is sensitive to the skewness of the gel permeation chromatography elugrams of the original as-made materials. These and other insights provided by quantitative SAXS assessments may become useful for generation of robust nanoparticle design criteria necessary for their successful and safe use, for example in nanomedicine and oncology applications.
关键词： nanomedicine,size dispersity,core-shell nanoparticles,silica nanoparticles,Small-angle X-ray scattering,PEGylation
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Hyaluronic Acid-zinc Protoporphyrin Conjugates for Photodynamic Antitumor Therapy
摘要： Zinc (II) protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) strongly inhibits antioxidative enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and ZnPP generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light irradiation. ZnPP can induce lethal oxidative stress in the tumor, when ZnPP is selectively delivered to the tumor followed by light irradiation. In this study, ZnPP was conjugated to hyaluronic acid (HA-ZnPP) for improving its solubility in aqueous media and tumor selective delivery of ZnPP by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Though photosensitizing activity of the HA-ZnPP was quenched in phosphate buffered saline, it was partially recovered by addition of lecithin. Similar to other polymer-conjugated ZnPP, cellular uptake of the HA-ZnPP was lower than that of the free ZnPP in HeLa cells. In tumor-bearing mice, plasma half-life of HA-ZnPP became longer than that of free ZnPP, and thus selective accumulation of the HA-ZnPP in the tumor by the EPR effect was observed. Combination of the HA-ZnPP and light irradiation potentially suppressed the tumor growth, approximately 60% tumor volume reduction was observed without apparent adverse effects at day 31 after the drug treatment. These data demonstrate that HA is a preferable carrier for ZnPP, and the HA-conjugated ZnPP is a promising antitumor agent for photodynamic therapy.
关键词： Nanomedicine,EPR,Zinc protoporphyrin,Photodynamic therapy,Hyaluronic acid
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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PEGylated polyethylenimine-stabilized polypyrrole nanoparticles loaded with DOX for chemo-photothermal therapy of cancer cells
摘要： Combination of kinds of therapy modalities is promising for effective cancer treatment. Herein, a kind of multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) was developed for cancer chemo-photothermal therapy applications. Polypyrrole (PPy) NPs were formed using a facile polymerization method using poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) as stabilizer, followed by polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification and anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) loading. Showing obvious absorbance in the NIR range, the obtained PPy-PEI-PEG NPs displayed well photothermal ability with desirable photothermal stability. The release of the loaded DOX can be promoted by pH and laser stimulation. Compared with single therapy modality, the combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy showed higher cancer cell killing effect. The cellular internalization of the obtained NPs was proved to be effective. The developed multifunctional NPs are promising candidates for combined therapy of cancer cells.
关键词： Polypyrrole nanoparticles,Polyethylenimine,Nanomedicine,Photothermal therapy,Chemotherapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Polydopamine Coated PB-MnO <sub/>2</sub> Nanoparticles as an Oxygen Generator Nanosystem for Imaging-Guided Single-NIR-Laser Triggered Synergistic Photodynamic/Photothermal Therapy
摘要： Exploring a combined phototherapeutic strategy to overcome the limitations of a single mode therapy and inducing high anticancer efficiency is highly promising for precision cancer nanomedicine. However, a single-wavelength laser activates dual photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT) treatment is still a formidable challenge. Herein, we strategically design and fabricate a multifunctional theranostic nanosystem based on chlorin e6-functionalized polydopamine (PDA) coated prussian blue/manganese dioxide nanoparticles (PB-MnO2@PDA-Ce6 NPs). the obtained PB-MnO2@PDA NPs not only offer an effective delivery system for Ce6 but also provide strong optical absorption in the near-infrared range, endowing high antitumor efficacy of PTT. More importantly, the as-prepared PB-MnO2@PDA-Ce6 nanoagents exhibit an effective oxygen generation, superior reactive oxygen species (ROS), and outstanding photothermal conversion ability to greatly improve PTT and PDT treatments. As a result, both in vitro and in vivo treatments guided by MR imaging on liver cancer cells reveal the complete cell/tumor eradication under a single wavelength of 660 nm laser irradiation, implying the simultaneous synergistic PDT/PTT effects triggered by PB-MnO2@PDA-Ce6 nanoplatform, which are much higher than individual treatment. Taken together, our phototherapeutic nanoagents exhibit an excellent therapeutic performance, which may act as a nanoplatform to find safe and clinically translatable routes to accelerate cancer therapeutics.
关键词： photodynamic therapy,nanomedicine,prussian blue,photothermal therapy,MRI,cancer therapy,polydopamine,chlorin e6,manganese dioxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Self-Assembled Nanophotosensitizing Systems with Zinc(II) Phthalocyanine-Peptide Conjugates as Building Blocks for Targeted Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy
摘要： Two zinc(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) substituted with a short peptide (Gly-Gly-Lys) with either a carboxyl or a carbamoyl group at the C-terminus and an appended biotin moiety were prepared and characterized. They could self-assemble into spherical nanoparticles, namely ZnPc-GGK(B)-COOH NP and ZnPc-GGK(B)-CONH2 NP, through noncovalent interactions, which encapsulated the hydrophobic ZnPc units in the core and exposed the biotin moieties on the surface. The zeta potential of ZnPc-GGK(B)-COOH NP in water was found to be ?28 mV, whereas that of ZnPc-GGK(B)-CONH2 NP was in opposite sign (+15 mV), reflecting the different functionality at the C-terminus, which also greatly affected the stability of the self-assembled nanoparticles. The targeting effect of ZnPc-GGK(B)-COOH NP was examined against human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, which overexpress biotin receptor, and Chinese Hamster Ovary CHO-K1 cells, which have a low expression of biotin receptor. This nanosystem was also coassembled with the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) to form ZnPc-GGK(B)-COOH/DOX NP. Both ZnPc-GGK(B)-COOH NP and ZnPc-GGK(B)-COOH/DOX NP could induce photocytotoxicity and apoptosis on HepG2 cells with an IC50 value of 1.48 and 0.49 μM ZnPc, respectively. For the latter nanosystem, the ZnPc and DOX components induced cytotoxicity in a synergistic manner. The photodynamic and chemotherapeutic effects of these two nanosystems were also examined on nude mice bearing a human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT29 tumor. The ZnPc-GGK(B)-COOH/DOX NP exhibited a stronger tumor inhibition effect upon irradiation, demonstrating the presence of dual chemo-photodynamic therapeutic actions.
关键词： photodynamic therapy,phthalocyanine,peptide,nanomedicine,self-assembly
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Optically controlled hybrid metamaterial of plasmonic spiky gold inbuilt graphene sheets for bimodal imaging guided multimodal therapy
摘要： The development of multifunctional molecular diagnostic platforms for concordant visualization and treatment of diseases with high sensitivity and resolution has recently become a crucial strategy in cancer management. Thus, engineering functional metamaterials with high therapeutic and imaging capabilities to elucidate diseases from morphological behaviors to physiological mechanisms is an unmet need in the current scenario. Here, we report the design of a unique hybrid plasmonic nanoarchitecture, for targeted multiple photo-therapies of breast cancer by simultaneous real time monitoring through fluorescence and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) techniques. The nanoframework consists of plasmonic gold-graphene hybrids tethered with folic acid ligated chitosan modified photosensitizer (PpIX) to afford target specific localized photothermal and photodynamic therapy. The hybrid vehicle also served as an excellent nanocarrier for efficient loading and stimuli responsive release of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) to enhance the therapeutic efficacy, thereby forming a trimodal nanomedicine against cancer. The cytotoxic effects induced by the cumulative action of triplet therapeutic tools were visualized through both fluorescence and SERS imaging channels. Moreover, it also generated synchronized therapeutic effects resulting in the effective regression of tumor volume without propagating any toxic effect to other organs of the animals. Taken together, by virtue of strong light-matter interactions, our nanoprobe showed enhanced photoadsorption which facilitate the amplified light reactive therapeutic and imaging efficacies along with targeted and enhanced chemotherapy, both in vitro and in vivo, which may offer a promising outcome in clinical research.
关键词： surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS),hybrid plasmonic nanoarchitecture,breast cancer,trimodal nanomedicine,fluorescence,doxorubicin (DOX),photothermal and photodynamic therapy,multifunctional molecular diagnostic platforms
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Repression of melanoma tumor in vitro and in vivo by photothermal effect of carbon xerogel nanoparticles
摘要： A N U S C RIP T including photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer. Since conventional strategies of cancer treatment have not responded to this serious disease, development of efficient alternative and promising strategies is highly desirable. In this study, carbon xerogel nanoparticles (CX-NPs) were synthesized as a novel photothermal nanomaterial and activated upon laser light of 808-nm wavelength for cancer phototherapy application. The synthesized CX-NPs had a spherical shape with a size of about 16 nm that showed nice photothermal conversion ability. Upon light irradiation with a power density of 1.0 W cm-2 for 15 min, a temperature increment occurred. A concentration-dependent cytotoxicity was also obtained for CX-NPs toward the C540 (B16/F10) cell line upon light irradiation, while CX-NPs presented biocompatibility in the mice model in dark. Photothermal property of CX-NPs efficiently led to reduction in the cell viability. A low-dose of CX-NPs was also applied in PTT of a melanoma tumor-bearing animal model. Based on tumor histopathological evaluations and volume change measurements in mice, a very good control of tumor situations after PTT by CX-NPs was attained. The findings revealed that CX-NPs is a good and novel photoabsorber for PTT of cancer.
关键词： Nanomedicine,Diode laser,Photothermal therapy,Carbon nanostructure,Cancer
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Present and future perspectives of photodynamic therapy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
摘要： Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common skin cancer. Surgery remains the main stay of treatment, but some patients are not eligible for surgery and, more importantly, lesions at critical sites need nonsurgical approaches for tissue preservation. In this context, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been extensively studied as noninvasive or minimally invasive treatment, and studies have shown promising results in terms of safety, efficacy, and cosmetic outcome. Also, studies have proposed different mechanism for its efficacy. However, human studies demonstrating its efficacy are limited in terms of sample size and tumor depth of invasion. Good results are mainly seen in case reports of microinvasive SCC, which is defined as SCC limited to papillary dermis. This inadequacy is due to inadequate penetration of topically applied photosensitizers through keratinized tumor surfaces. To overcome these hurdles, pretreatment with lasers or microneedles and encapsulation of photosensitizers into nanoparticles have been tried. Hence, the present article will discuss studies that have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of PDT for cutaneous SCC, studies that have postulated the mechanism of action of PDT, agents that have been used as PDT enhancers, and finally, the recent use of adjuvant therapy in combination with PDT.
关键词： mechanism of action,surgery,photodynamic therapy,nanomedicine,cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36