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Nucleus‐targeted organoiridium‐albumin conjugate for photoactivated cancer therapy
摘要： A novel organoiridium-albumin bioconjugate (Ir1-HSA) was synthesized via reaction of a pendant maleimide ligand with human serum albumin. The phosphorescence of Ir1-HSA was enhanced significantly compared to parent complex Ir1. The long phosphorescence lifetime and high 1O2 quantum yield of Ir1-HSA are highly favourable properties for photodynamic therapy. Ir1-HSA mainly accumulated in the nucleus of living cancer cells and showed remarkable photocytotoxicity against a range of cancer cell lines and tumor spheroids (light IC50; 0.8-5 μM, photo-cytotoxicity index PI = 40-60) while remaining non-toxic to normal cells and normal cell spheroids, even after photo-irradiation. This nucleus-targeting organoiridium-albumin is a strong candidate photosensitizer for anticancer photodynamic therapy.
关键词： Albumin,Organoiridium,Photosensitizer,Photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Silk fibroin hydrogels for potential applications in photodynamic therapy
摘要： In this study, we prepared translucid hydrogels with different concentrations of silk fibroin, extracted from raw silk fibers, and used them as a matrix to incorporate the photosensitizer 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-tris-(4-sulphonatophenyl) porphyrin trisodium for application in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The hydrogels obtained were characterized by rheology, spectrophotometry, and scattering techniques to elucidate the factors involved in the formation of the hydrogel, and to characterize the behavior of silk fibroin (SF) after incorporating of the porphyrin to the matrix. The rheology results demonstrated that the SF hydrogels had a shear thinning behavior. In addition, we were able to verify that the structure of the material was able to be recovered over time after shear deformation. The encapsulation of porphyrins in hydrogels leads to the formation of self-assembled peptide nanostructures that prevent porphyrin aggregation, thereby greatly increasing the generation of singlet oxygen. Also, our findings suggest that porphyrin can diffuse out of the hydrogel and permeate the outer skin layers. This evidence suggests that SF hydrogels could be used as porphyrin encapsulation and as a drug carrier for the sustained release of photosensitizers for PDT.
关键词： singlet oxygen,hydrogel,fibroin,rheology,photodynamic therapy,porphyrin
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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A two-photon excited O2-Evolving Nanocomposite for Efficient Photodynamic Therapy against hypoxic tumor
摘要： This paper reported on a two-photon excited nanocomposite FCRH to overcome tumor hypoxia for enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT). Through modified by ruthenium (Ⅱ) complex (Ru(bpy)3 2+) and hyperbranched conjugated copolymer with poly (ethylene glycol) arms (HOP), the water-splitting mediated O2 generation from iron-doped carbon nitride (Fe-C3N4) can be triggered via two-photon irradiation for the first time. While exposured to two-photon laser, Ru(bpy)3 2+ was activated to generate singlet oxygen (1O2) and Fe-C3N4 was triggered to split water for oxygen supply in the mean time. Owing to the injection of photoinduced electrons from excited Ru(bpy)3 2+ to Fe-C3N4, O2 generated by Fe-C3N4 was significantly accelerated. After accumulation of the nanocomposite by enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, FCRH was demonstrated to alleviate the tumorous hypoxia and consequently enhance the antitumor efficacy of PDT. Furthermore, tumor metabolism evaluations explained the capability of the nanocomposite in reducing intratumoral hypoxia. Our results provide a new diagram for ameliorating the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and accelerating 1O2 generation under two-photon excitation, which will find great potential for spatiotemporally controlled tumor treatment in vivo.
关键词： two-photon,water splitting,oxygen generation,tumor hypoxia,photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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British Association of Dermatologists and British Photodermatology Group guidelines for topical photodynamic therapy 2018
摘要： The overall objective of the guideline is to provide up-to-date, evidence-based recommendations for the use of topical photodynamic therapy (PDT). The document aims to: offer an appraisal of all relevant literature up to April 2018, focusing on any key developments; address important, practical clinical questions relating to the primary guideline objective; and provide guideline recommendations and if appropriate research recommendations.
关键词： photodynamic therapy,treatment,dermatology,guidelines,PDT
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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3D Culture Models of Malignant Mesothelioma Reveal a Powerful Interplay Between Photodynamic Therapy and Kinase Suppression Offering Hope to Reduce Tumor Recurrence
摘要： In this issue, Cramer et al. introduce 3D culture models of metastatic mesothelioma to investigate basic cancer biology and new combination therapies for combating this complex and lethal disease. The results suggest that erlotinib-enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) could further improve the efficacy of intraoperative light-activation to mop up residual tumor deposits in the clinic following surgical removal of macroscopic mesothelioma metastases.
关键词： malignant mesothelioma,tumor recurrence,3D culture models,photodynamic therapy,kinase suppression
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Hypoxia-Triggered Transforming Immunomodulator for Cancer Immunotherapy via Photodynamically Enhanced Antigen Presentation of Dendritic Cell
摘要： A key factor for successful cancer immunotherapy (CIT) is the extent of antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) that phagocytize tumor-associated antigens (TAA) in the tumor site and migrate to tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLN), for the activation of T cells. Although various types of adjuvant delivery have been studied to enhance the activity of the DCs, poor delivery efficiency and depleted population of tumor infiltrating DCs have limited the efficacy of CIT. Herein, we report a hypoxia-responsive mesoporous silica nanocarrier (denoted as CAGE) for an enhanced CIT assisted by photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this study, CAGE was designed as a hypoxia-responsive transforming carrier to improve the intracellular uptake of nanocarriers and the delivery of adjuvants to DCs. Furthermore, PDT was exploited for the generation of immunogenic debris and recruitment of DCs in a tumor site, followed by enhanced antigen presentation. Finally, a significant inhibition of tumor growth was observed in vivo, signifying that the PDT would be a promising solution for DC-based immunotherapy.
关键词： combinatorial immunotherapy,hypoxia-responsive drug delivery,tumor-associated antigen,dendritic cell modulation,photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Functional Polymer Nanocarriers for Photodynamic Therapy
摘要： Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an appealing therapeutic modality in management of some solid tumors and other diseases for its minimal invasion and non-systemic toxicity. However, the hydrophobicity and non-selectivity of the photosensitizers, inherent serious hypoxia of tumor tissues and limited penetration depth of light restrict PDT further applications in clinic. Functional polymer nanoparticles can be used as a nanocarrier for accurate PDT. Here, we elucidate the mechanism and application of PDT in cancer treatments, and then review some strategies to administer the biodistribution and activation of photosensitizers (PSs) to ameliorate or utilize the tumor hypoxic microenvironment to enhance the photodynamic therapy effect.
关键词： hypoxia,photodynamic therapy,nanocarriers,photosensitizers
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Photodynamic therapy in infected venous and mixed leg ulcers: a pilot experience
摘要： Objective: To assess the tolerability and efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with RLP068, a novel phthalocyanine-derived photosensitiser, in controlling the bacterial load in different leg ulcers, due to vascular pathophysiology. Method: An observational study of patients with infected leg ulcers of different pathophysiology, admitted to the hospital for a skin grafting procedure, were included. All patients underwent two sessions of PDT at time zero and after 72 hours. A semi-quantitative swab was taken before and 30 minutes after both sessions of PTD. During the time interval between the two treatments the ulcer was covered with foam dressing and compression therapy was applied to all patients. No systemic or topical antibiotics were administered. Statistical analysis of results was performed. Results: A total of 36 patients (13 males, 23 females; aged 72.4±8.6 years, range: 55-85 years) were recruited; two had ulcers on both legs. PDT was shown to be effective in reducing bacterial load after the first treatment. Before the second PDT treatment (72 hours after first PDT treatment), a slight increase of the bacterial load was observed in all ulcers. However, after the second PDT session, bacterial swab results were negative in all but two ulcers. The procedure was well tolerated in all but four patients, who reported a very severe pain at baseline, which increased during treatment. Conclusion: In this study, PDT was effective in reducing bacterial load in patients with infected vascular leg ulcers, and allowed successful skin grafting to take place in all patients. The treatment was generally well tolerated. Studies with a greater number of patients and a control group are planned to confirm these results.
关键词： infected ulcers,phthalocyanine,vascular ulcers,photodynamic therapy,skin grafting
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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The effects of repeated applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of residual periodontal pockets: a systematic review
摘要： The aim of this study was to assess the effects of repeated applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the non-surgical periodontal treatment of residual pockets. This work was performed and reported according to the Cochrane and PRISMA recommendations, respectively, and registered at the PROSPERO registry (number CRD42017058403). An extensive search of the biomedical literature was conducted on four databases from January 1960 to August 2018, followed by hand searching. Analysis of the quality of the selected studies was based on the risk of bias. Only two randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria although they had unclear risk of bias. One study showed that repeated applications of aPDT in association with conventional non-surgical treatment during periodontal maintenance improved all clinical outcomes after 6 months. The other study, which assessed the effects of repeated applications of aPDT in association with ultrasound debridement on periodontal pathogens, showed no significant reduction of the main pathogens after 3–6 months but reported reductions of probing pocket depth and C-reactive protein after 3 and 6 months, respectively, compared to mechanical therapy alone. Concluding, it was not possible to state that repeated applications of aPDT, in association with non-surgical treatment of residual pockets, have effective clinical effects in the periodontal maintenance therapy. Although one can consider that aPDT is a promising adjuvant therapy, it is still necessary to carry out more RCTs with low risk of bias in order to confirm or refute the benefits of multiple applications for residual periodontal pockets.
关键词： Periodontitis,Photodynamic therapy,Clinical outcomes,Periodontal pocket,root planing
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Comparison of different treatment schemes in 5-ALA interstitial photodynamic therapy for high-grade glioma in a preclinical model: An MRI study
摘要： Background: There is currently no therapy that prevents high-grade glioma recurrence. Thus, these primary brain tumors have unfavorable outcomes. Recently, 5-ALA photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been proposed to delay relapse and is highly expected to have potential synergistic effects with the current standard of care. However, PDT treatment delivery needs to be optimized by evaluating the impact of both the number of fractions and the light power used. Objectives: Our study aimed to compare MRI markers across different treatment schemes that use interstitial PDT in high-grade glioma in a preclinical model. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight “nude” rats were grafted with human U87 cells into the right putamen and subsequently submitted to interstitial PDT. The rats were randomized into six groups, including two different sham groups and four different treated groups (5 fractions at 5 mW or 30 mW and 2 fractions at 5 mW or 30 mW). After photosensitizer (PS) precursor (5-ALA) intake, an optical fiber was introduced into the tumor. Treatment effects were assessed with early high-field MRI to acquire T1 and T2 diffusion and perfusion images. Results: There was no difference in the variation of the diffusion coefficient among the six groups (p=0.0549, Kruskal-Wallis test). However, a significant difference was identified among the six groups in terms of variation in perfusion (p=0.048, Kruskal-Wallis test), supporting a lesional effect in the treated groups. Additionally, the sham groups had significantly smaller edema volumes than were observed in the treated groups. Moreover, the 5-fraction group treated with 30 mW was associated with edema volumes that were significantly greater than those in the 5-fraction group treated with 5 mW (p=0.019). Conclusion: Based on observations of MRI data and considering treatment effects, the 5-fraction group treated at 5 mW was not significantly different from the other treated groups in terms of cell deaths, characterized by diffusion imaging, or necrosis level. However, the significantly lower level of edema observed in this group indicated that this treatment scheme had limited toxicity.
关键词： Glioblastoma,Photodynamic Therapy,High-Grade Glioma,PDT,PpIX,MRI,5-ALA,Magnetic Resonance Imaging
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14