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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Rooftop PV aspirations of Indiaa??s National Solar Mission and the green building codes: The missing links and the way ahead
摘要： Due to the large-scale and distributed characteristics of increasing renewable energy resources, dynamic economic emission dispatch (DEED) of hybrid energy resource system becomes more and more important in the power system operation. This paper proposes a distributed model predictive control (DMPC) method for hybrid energy resources system of dynamic economic optimal dispatch with large-scale decomposition coordination approach. First, the DEED model of hybrid energy resources is converted into predictive control model, which can provide rolling optimization mechanism for dealing with intermittent energy resources optimization. Second, predictive control model is decomposed into several subsystems with Lagrangian multipliers for coordinating those subsystems, which can greatly decrease the computational complexity. Third, due to the randomness or uncertainty of intermittent power generation, model predictive control can dynamically optimize random or uncertainty problem with rolling optimization mechanism. Furthermore, adaptive dynamic programming is utilized to solve those subsystem optimization problems, which can optimize the random or uncertain problem in real-time condition. In the optimization process, probability constraint is converted into deterministic constraint with its probability density function, and system load balance can be properly handled with coupled coarse-fine constraint-handling technique. According to the obtained results in the case studies, the proposed DMPC can optimize the DEED of hybrid energy resources well combining with the large-scale decomposition-coordination approach, while greatly decreasing the optimization complexity and computation time, which reveals that the proposed method can provide an alternative way for solving the DEED problem of hybrid energy resources.
关键词： large-scale decomposition-coordination,Renewable energy resources,model predictive control,dynamic economic emission dispatch
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - High electron mobility large grain polycrystalline epitaxial Germanium on Silicon using liquid phase crystallization for III-V photovoltaic applications
摘要： This paper studies the electric vehicle (EV) charging scheduling problem to match the stochastic wind power. Besides considering the optimality of the expected charging cost, the proposed model innovatively incorporates the matching degree between wind power and EV charging load into the objective function. Fully taking into account the uncertainty and dynamics in wind energy supply and EV charging demand, this stochastic and multistage matching is formulated as a Markov decision process. In order to enhance the computational efficiency, the effort is made in two aspects. Firstly, the problem size is reduced by aggregating EVs according to their remaining parking time. The charging scheduling is carried out on the level of aggregators and the optimality of the original problem is proved to be preserved. Secondly, the simulation-based policy improvement method is developed to obtain an improved charging policy from the base policy. The validation of the proposed model, scalability, and computational efficiency of the proposed methods are systematically investigated via numerical experiments.
关键词： smart grid,simulation-based policy improvement (SBPI),renewable energy,Electric vehicle (EV)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Accurate Sizing of Residential Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems Considering System Reliability
摘要： In rural areas or in isolated communities in developing countries it is increasingly common to install micro-renewable sources, such as photovoltaic (PV) systems, by residential consumers without access to the utility distribution network. The reliability of the supply provided by these stand-alone generators is a key issue when designing the PV system. The proper system sizing for a minimum level of reliability avoids unacceptable continuity of supply (undersized system) and unnecessary costs (oversized system). This paper presents a method for the accurate sizing of stand-alone photovoltaic (SAPV) residential generation systems for a pre-established reliability level. The proposed method is based on the application of a sequential random Monte Carlo simulation to the system model. Uncertainties of solar radiation, energy demand, and component failures are simultaneously considered. The results of the case study facilitate the sizing of the main energy elements (solar panels and battery) depending on the required level of reliability, taking into account the uncertainties that affect this type of facility. The analysis carried out demonstrates that deterministic designs of SAPV systems based on average demand and radiation values or the average number of consecutive cloudy days can lead to inadequate levels of continuity of supply.
关键词： photovoltaic generation,battery storage,renewable energy,Monte Carlo Simulation,reliability evaluation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Insertion of Photovoltaic Solar Systems in Technological Education Institutions in Brazil: Teacher Perceptions Concerning Contributions towards Sustainable Development
摘要： Teaching spaces are seen as institutions presenting relevant power to promote sustainability. Thus, in addition to knowledge (re)producers, they must also assume ethical obligations to incorporate daily sustainability-oriented actions. In this context, this study evaluates faculty perceptions regarding contributions to the teaching–learning process and the di?usion of a pedagogical practice adhering to sustainability assumptions, arising from the insertion of photovoltaic solar systems in educational institutions. A study was conducted at the Rio Grande do Norte Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology, with 2.2 photovoltaic MWp distributed throughout its 21 campuses. This study investigated teacher knowledge and attitudes towards renewable energy sources in their school practice, as a way of understanding these issues and presenting propositions that will strengthen their role in daily school life. Teachers are aware of the importance of these sources, but their knowledge does not form links with their practice. Thus, the necessary connections to promote sustainability from the existence of institutional photovoltaic systems were proven insu?cient. They did not support the concept, nor the adoption of pedagogical practices linked to this technology. In addition, teacher inability to bring knowledge related to renewable energies to the classroom and link them to daily student lives was also noted. The adoption of renewable energy to promote a sustainability culture demands the formation of teacher knowledge and attitudes, and this training must follow a continuous path.
关键词： sustainability,photovoltaic,teaching–learning,renewable energy,sustainable development,education,school,teachers
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Photovoltaic Module Reliability || Introduction
摘要： Photovoltaics (PVs) is the direct conversion of light into electricity. Typically, this means generation of electricity from sunlight, a renewable energy process without release of pollution or greenhouse gases. PV is one of the renewable energy sources that offers the potential to replace burning of fossil fuels and, therefore, to slow the growing effects of global climate change.
关键词： Module reliability,Renewable energy,Photovoltaics,PV modules,Solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Historic Developments, Current Technologies and Potential of Nanotechnology to Develop Next Generation Solar Cells with Improved Efficiency
摘要： Sun is the continuous source of renewable energy, from where we can get abundant of solar energy. Concept of conversion of solar energy into heat was used back in 200 B.C. since then, the solar cells have been developed which can convert solar energy into the electrical energy and these systems have been produced commercially. The technologies to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) have been continuously improved. Different technologies used for developing solar cells can be categorized either on the basis of material used or techniques of technology development which is further termed as ‘first generation’ (e.g. crystalline silicon), ‘second generation’ (thin films of Amorphous silicon, Copper indium gallium selenide, Cadmium telluride), ‘Third generation’ (Concentrated, Organic and Dye sensitize solar cell). These technologies give PCE up to 25% depending on the technology and the materials used. Nanotechnology enables the use of nanomaterial whose size is below 100 nm with extraordinary properties which has the capability to enhance the PCE to greater extent. Various nanomaterials like quantum dots, quantum well, carbon nanotubes, nanowire and graphene have been used to make efficient and economical solar cells, which not only provide high conversion efficiency economically but also are easy to produce. Today, by using nanotechnology, conversion efficiency up to 44.7 % has been achieved by Fraunhofer Institute at Germany. In this review article, we have reviewed the literature including various patents and publications, summarized the history of solar cell development, development of different technologies and rationale of their development highlighting the advantages and challenges involved in their development for commercial purpose. We have also included the recent developments in solar cell research where different nanomaterials have been designed and used successfully to prove their superiority over conventional systems.
关键词： Nanotechnology,Solar cell,Photovoltaic,Power conversion efficiency,Renewable energy
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Improving the performance of silicon solar cell by optimizing metallization
摘要： Solar energy exploitation through photovoltaic technology has demonstrated a sustainable way for curbing energy needs and cutting environmental issues happening due to emissions of carbon dioxide, CO2 from the usage of non-renewable energy resources. The purpose of this study was to reduce metallization by choosing optimal metallization on silicon photovoltaic wafer. Using numerical study, the effects of the number of busbars, fingers, and soldering/probe points were analyzed and also the study of the size of busbar and finger was carried out to find the optimal value for each which assures better performance. It is revealed that increasing the number and size of busbars, fingers, and probe points result in increasing fill factor, however, the efficiency of the device is limited to a number which provides the best optimal performance in terms of efficiency, whereas increasing the size (width) of the parameter result in a decrease in efficiency increasing shading factor. The optimal value of prescribed parameters was recorded as 4, 82, and 20 numbers of busbars, fingers, and probe points, respectively, while an optimal value of the width of busbar and finger is found as 0.5 mm and 60 mm, respectively. These values attained efficiency and fill factor above 20% and 80%, respectively. This study finds a realistic method to further diminish the metallization, improve the performance, and reduce the cost of often used industrial silicon photovoltaic cells.
关键词： renewable energy,Metallization,silicon photovoltaic cell,optimization
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A novel MPPT technique to increase accuracy in photovoltaic systems under variable atmospheric conditions using Fuzzy Gain scheduling
摘要： Photovoltaic (PV) system has gradually become a research focus in the field of renewable energy power generation, and the output efficiency of PV system is the major concern of researchers. There are obvious non-linear characteristics in the output of PV system, and it will be greatly affected by the external environment. For achieving the maximum output power, PV system must operate under the guidance of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods. The tracking time and accuracy of these methods need to be improved. Therefore, this study contributes to increasing the output efficiency of PV system by improving the tracking time and accuracy with using Fuzzy Gain Scheduling of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FGS-PID) regulator in the grid-connected mode. The suggested adaptive FGS-PID scheme is implemented using two-level control system architecture, combining the benefits of fuzzy logic as well as conventional PID regulator. Ziegler–Nichols tuning method is employed to select the initial values of PID gains. In the simulations of PV system under the varying irradiance and temperature, the tracking speed and tracking accuracy of FGS-PID (scaling factors) were higher than those of ANN, ANFIS, Fuzzy, INC, P&O, PID, and FGS-PID methods. In summary, FGS-PID (scaling factors) has better performance in tracking time and accuracy than other comparison algorithms. It can improve the output efficiency of PV system in practical application.
关键词： FLC based MPPT,Adaptive,DC-DC converter,PV system,Renewable energy
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Frequency support from photovoltaic power plants using offline maximum power point tracking and variable droop control
摘要： With higher penetration of converter-connected renewable energy sources (RES) into power systems, the successful operation of the system is challenged by significant reductions in system inertia. Presently, given the dominant share of the conventional synchronous power plant, RES power plants are not demanded to provide ancillary services. However, as RES connections increase, RES power plants will play a major role in power system operation, contributing to frequency control. This study demonstrates that photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) can provide effectively different types of frequency support based on a power reserve and an offline maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique. An innovative method to de-load the PVPP without significantly increasing the MPPT complexity is proposed. Results from different PVPP frequency support methods, under varying levels of photovoltaic penetration, are presented which demonstrate their capability to provide inertia support comparable to that of synchronous generators. A new variable droop control method, which releases maximum power during the inertial response and returns to fixed droop gain value after a specified time is also presented. The results from using the variable droop show that the frequency nadir and the rate-of-change-of-frequency can be significantly reduced and some power reserve still maintained after a frequency event.
关键词： variable droop control,offline maximum power point tracking,photovoltaic power plants,system inertia,frequency support,renewable energy sources
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A High Mobility of Up to 13 cm?2V <sup>a??1</sup> s <sup>a??1</sup> in Dinaphttho-Thieno-Thiophene Single-Crystal Field-Effect Transistors via Self-Assembled Monolayer Selection
摘要： This paper studies the electric vehicle (EV) charging scheduling problem to match the stochastic wind power. Besides considering the optimality of the expected charging cost, the proposed model innovatively incorporates the matching degree between wind power and EV charging load into the objective function. Fully taking into account the uncertainty and dynamics in wind energy supply and EV charging demand, this stochastic and multistage matching is formulated as a Markov decision process. In order to enhance the computational efficiency, the effort is made in two aspects. Firstly, the problem size is reduced by aggregating EVs according to their remaining parking time. The charging scheduling is carried out on the level of aggregators and the optimality of the original problem is proved to be preserved. Secondly, the simulation-based policy improvement method is developed to obtain an improved charging policy from the base policy. The validation of the proposed model, scalability, and computational efficiency of the proposed methods are systematically investigated via numerical experiments.
关键词： renewable energy,simulation-based policy improvement (SBPI),smart grid,Electric vehicle (EV)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59