- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
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A Synthesizable Constant Tuning Gain Technique for Wideband LC-VCO Design
摘要： In this paper, an iterative method is proposed for the optimization of wideband voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). The proposed method attempts to improve two significant performance metrics of wideband VCOs, i.e., the non-uniform band distribution and the non-constant tuning gain KVCO. To address these non-ideality issues, we introduce the deviation as a prior knowledge for calibration in each iteration step. The optimal capacitor array weighting plan can be asymptotically approached through multiple iterations. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method, we use it to implement a 1-to-2.4-GHz LC-VCO and achieve a frequency tuning range of 82.4%. The optimized LC-tank involves 64 mixed cells, and each cell contains 2-bit binary-weighted switching capacitors, leading to 256 tuning bands. The LC-VCO with the synthesized tank achieves uniform frequency steps around 5 MHz with the relative error within ±4.4%. Meanwhile, the tuning gain KVCO is around 10 MHz/V with the relative error within ±3.2%. For this LC-VCO design, each iteration step costs about 55.9 s. After 7 iterations, we approach the convergent solution where both the relative errors of the frequency steps and the tuning gains satisfy the given specifications.
关键词： Constant tuning gain,Constant frequency step,Automatic synthesis,Iteration,Wideband voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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610-GHz Fourth Harmonic Signal Reactively Generated in a CMOS Voltage Controlled Oscillator Using Differentially Pumped Varactors
摘要： A fourth harmonic signal reactively generated in a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) using differentially pumped varactors is used to demonstrate a compact 610-GHz source in 65-nm CMOS. The nonlinear C?V characteristics of accumulation mode varactor pair are used to generate the harmonic power. The circuit also utilizes a technique to boost the varactor Q and dynamic cut-off frequency to increase the harmonic power. The source delivers a peak radiating power of ?25.2 dBm, with a frequency tuning range of 604.5–618.6 GHz (2.3%), a 3-dB tuning bandwidth of 607.1–614.3 GHz (1.2%), and a dc-THz ef?ciency of 0.01% (0.013% excluding the power consumption in the current source). The chip core area is 0.62 mm × 0.39 mm excluding the area for bond pads.
关键词： Nonlinear,reactive harmonic generation,varactor,voltage controlled oscillator (VCO)
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A 230-GHz High-Power and Wideband Coupled Standing Wave VCO in 65-nm CMOS
摘要： This article presents a 230-GHz wideband harmonic voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with large output power based on a compact and low-loss structure of coupled standing wave oscillators. In order to boost the output power, oscillators are coupled together without adding extra passive loss to the circuit. Transistors with inductive drain impedances provide the necessary negative resistance to the oscillators while simultaneously acting as active variable capacitors for frequency tuning and generate the desired second-harmonic power through their nonlinearities. Transmission lines at the drains are responsible for creating the inductive impedance as well as coupling adjacent oscillators and routing and combining the output power. Therefore, the circuit has a compact structure that minimizes passive losses. A varactor-less frequency tuning scheme is used and allows for wideband operation without sacrificing the output power. In addition to oscillator coupling and minimizing the losses, the output power has been boosted by engineering the harmonic impedance that is seen by the transistors in the circuit. The prototype chip was implemented in a 65-nm CMOS process. The output power of the VCO covers 219–238 GHz frequency band (8.35% tuning range) and delivers 3.4-dBm maximum output power. The minimum measured phase noise is ?105.8 dBc/Hz (at 10-MHz offset) while consuming 195 mW from a 1.5-V supply.
关键词： standing wave,low-loss,THz,wideband,frequency tuning,Compact structure,millimeter-wave (mm-Wave),voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO),mm-wave/terahertz (THz) power generation,harmonic oscillator,varactor-less
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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An Ultra-Low-Jitter 22.8-GHz Ring-LC-Hybrid Injection-Locked Clock Multiplier With a Multiplication Factor of 114
摘要： An ultra-low-jitter, ring-LC-hybrid injection-locked clock multiplier (ILCM) is presented to achieve a high multiplication factor of 114. The proposed hybrid ILCM cascades a ring-type voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based ILCM and an LC-type VCO-based ILCM. Using a dual-purpose frequency calibrator (DPFC) that can continuously calibrate the frequency drifts of the two VCOs, concurrently, the proposed ILCM can maintain excellent jitter performance against process-voltage-temperature (PVT) variations. Since the DPFC eliminates the use of an additional calibrator and operates at a very low frequency, it can reduce the expenditures for silicon and power. The proposed ILCM was fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process. The RMS jitter of the 22.8-GHz output, integrated from 1 kHz to 100 MHz, was 153 fs, and the DPFC restricted its variations due to variations in temperatures and supply voltages to less than 180 fs. The proposed ILCM achieved the power efficiency of 0.32 mW/GHz. The active area was 0.2 mm2. The total power consumption was 7.4 mW, but the DPFC consumed only 400 μW.
关键词： ring-VCO,LC-voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO),clock multiplier,hybrid,multiplication factor,phase noise,jitter,Calibrator,injection locked
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14