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Active control of electromagnetically induced transparency based on terahertz hybrid metal-graphene metamaterials for slow light applications

DOI:10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163398 期刊:Optik 出版年份:2019 更新时间:2025-09-11 14:15:04
摘要: Recently, the dynamically controlled electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) metamaterials have been widely used in the slow light effect field to enhance the light-matter interactions and nonlinear effects, which has aroused the great attraction of many researchers. The emergence of two-dimensional materials has pushed this research to a new research hot again. Therefore, a terahertz hybrid metal-graphene metamaterial, consisting of a bi-layer metallic EIT metamaterial, an unpatterned monolayer graphene, and an encapsulated ion-gel layer, was proposed to actively control the EIT resonance. In this structure, the transparency peak of the bi-layer metallic EIT metamaterial can realize on-to-off switch through shifting the Fermi energy of graphene covering onto the dark mode resonators. Theoretical analysis and surface current distributions reveal that the active modulation can be attributed to the increasing damping rate of the dark mode caused by the actively controllable conductivity of the graphene. In addition, the active control of the group delay in the hybrid metamaterial is also demonstrated for the slow-light applications. Therefore, this work provides an alternative way to design compact slow-light devices for future terahertz wireless communications.
作者: Chengyao Zhang,Yue Wang,Yuan Yao,Ling Tian,Zhaoxin Geng,Yuqiang Yang,Jiuxing Jiang,Xunjun He
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To demonstrate active control of the EIT resonance in a terahertz hybrid metal-graphene metamaterial for slow light applications.

The work demonstrates active control of the EIT resonance strength in a bi-layer metal-based metamaterial working at terahertz regime by integrating an unpatterned monolayer graphene onto the dark mode resonators. The active modulation is attributed to the increase in the damping rate of the dark mode caused by the actively controllable conductivity of the graphene. The hybrid metamaterial can exhibit active control of the slow-light effect through shifting the Fermi energy of graphene, showing great promising in designing compact slow-light devices.

The scalability of the tunable approaches is limited due to the frequency-dependent linear properties of the active materials or complex structures for massive fabrication. The introduction of residues and impurities during patterning graphene significantly degrades the conductivity of graphene, and edge defects in the patterned graphene structure can deteriorate effective carrier mobilities of the graphene.

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