研究目的
To demonstrate high-speed underwater wireless optical communications using integrated dual-color micro-LEDs for wavelength division multiplexing.
研究成果
The study demonstrated the potential of dual-color micro-LED arrays as a UWOC transmitter in highly turbid underwater environments, achieving 100 Mb/s data rates over multiple attenuation lengths using WDM and a SPAD-based receiver.
研究不足
The data rates are limited by the driving method, and future work could reach higher aggregate data rates with OOK.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study employed integrated blue-violet and blue-green micro-LED arrays fabricated via a transfer printing method for underwater data transmission.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The micro-LEDs were fabricated from commercially available InGaN epistructures.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Included a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a bias-tee, condenser lens, water tank, Fresnel lens, and a 64 x 64 array of Si SPADs.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The micro-LEDs were modulated with an OOK data signal, propagated through a
5：5 m water tank, and received by a SPAD array. Data Analysis Methods:
The photon counts were summed over a time window and processed to determine a bit-error ratio (BER).
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condenser lens
ACL50832U-A
Thorlabs
Collecting and collimating the micro-LED emission.
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Fresnel lens
#46-614
Edmund
Focusing the propagated light onto the receiver.
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FPGA
Opal Kelly XEM6310-LX45
Opal Kelly
Generating an on-off keying (OOK) data signal for modulating the micro-LED.
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SPAD array
64 x 64 array of Si SPADs
University of Edinburgh
Receiving the optical signal and operating as a digital silicon photo-multiplier.
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