1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved the preparation of bilayer photoelectrodes for DSCs using white pigment (DuPont R902+) as a light scattering material. The structural analysis of the white pigment was conducted using XRD, and the surface morphology was examined with an atomic force microscope. The light scattering ability was evaluated by comparing transmittance measurements. Photovoltaic performances of DSCs with and without the scattering layer were tested under simulated sunlight.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-glass substrates, TiO2 paste, Ruthenium based sensitizer (N-719), liquid electrolyte, and platinum precursor were used. The white pigment was obtained from a painting industry.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

X-ray diffractometer, atomic force microscope (Multimode SPM, Veeco Metrology Group), Abet SunLite Solar Simulator 11002, and various chemicals including TiO2 paste, N-719 dye, and Platisol T.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Photoelectrodes were prepared by doctorblading TiO2 paste onto FTO-glass substrates, sintering, and dye sensitization. Bilayer structures were created by adding a scattering layer. DSCs were assembled with counter electrodes and liquid electrolyte, then tested under simulated light.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Photovoltaic parameters (Jsc, Voc, FF, ?) were measured and compared between DSCs with and without the scattering layer. Transmittance and reflectance properties were analyzed to evaluate light scattering efficiency.