研究目的
To further probe the performances of nonplanar NFAs in low-bandgap polymer-based PSCs, a new twisted NFA (i-IF-4F) having indenofluorene derivatives as the electron-donating fused-ring core was synthesized.
研究成果
The work demonstrates the applicability of wide-bandgap twisted acceptors in PSCs and points out the pathway to further improve performances of wide-bandgap nonplanar acceptors in PSCs.
研究不足
The carrier mobilities of the wide bandgap main-chain twisted acceptors are one order of magnitude smaller than that of other main-chain twisted NFAs, indicating potential for further improvement.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection
The synthesis of a new twisted NFA (i-IF-4F) with indenofluorene derivatives as the electron-donating fused-ring core was carried out. The molecule was designed to have a wide optical bandgap (1.79 eV) to match with the low-bandgap polymer PTB7-Th for complementary absorption and proper energy level differences.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources
The materials used include PTB7-Th as the donor material and the newly synthesized i-IF-4F as the acceptor. The synthesis involved Suzuki coupling reaction and Knoevenagel reaction.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials
Equipment used includes a Bruker AV 500 spectrometer for NMR, Perkin Elmer Lambda 750 UV/Vis/NIR spectrometer for absorption spectra, CHI 660D Electrochemical Workstation for cyclic voltammetry, and Veeco MultiMode scanning probe microscope (AFM) for surface morphologies.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow
The synthesis involved the preparation of compound 3 through Suzuki coupling reaction, followed by the synthesis of i-IF-4F via Knoevenagel reaction. The photovoltaic devices were fabricated with the configuration ITO/ZnO/PTB7-Th:i-IF-4F/MoO3/Al, and their performances were evaluated under thermal annealing treatment.
5:Data Analysis Methods
The photovoltaic parameters were measured using a Keithley 2400 source meter. The EQE responses were characterized using a QTEST 1000 AD Hyper Monolight System. The carrier mobilities were measured by the space charge limited current (SCLC) method.
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Veeco MultiMode scanning probe microscope
MultiMode
Veeco
Surface morphologies measurement
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Keithley 2400 source meter
2400
Keithley
Efficiencies measurement of the devices
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Bruker AV 500 spectrometer
AV 500
Bruker
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR) measurement
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Perkin Elmer Lambda 750 UV/Vis/NIR spectrometer
Lambda 750
Perkin Elmer
Absorption spectra measurement
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CHI 660D Electrochemical Workstation
660D
CHI
Electrochemical cyclic voltammetry measurement
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QTEST 1000 AD Hyper Monolight System
1000 AD
Crowntech Inc.
External quantum efficiencies (EQEs) characterization
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