摘要： This article presents a report of the synthesis, characterization, and biomedical application of nitroxide-radicals–modified gold nanorods (Au-TEMPO NRs) for imaging-guided photothermal cancer therapy. Patients and methods: Au nanorods were synthesized through seed-mediated growth method, 4-Amino-TEMPO was added and the reaction proceeded under magnetic stirring. Results: With a mean length of 39.2 nm and an average aspect ratio of approximately 3.85, Au-TEMPO NRs showed good photothermal ability when they were irradiated by 808-nm laser. Au-TEMPO NRs could be stored in PBS for more than 1 month, showed no cytotoxicity against both tumor and normal cells at a concentration of up to 3 mg/mL, and functioned as a dual-mode contrast agent for CT/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in vitro and in vivo, due to their high X-ray attenuation of Au and good r1 relaxivity of nitroxide radicals. Further, they had a long retention time (~4 hours) in the main organs, which enabled a long CT/MR imaging time window for diagnosis. Bio-distribution results revealed that these Au-TEMPO NRs passively aggregated in the liver and spleen. After irradiation by 808-nm laser, Au-TEMPO NRs could ablate the solid tumor in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, which implied they were a potential theranostic agent for dual-mode imaging and photothermal cancer therapy. Conclusion: This type of Au-TEMPO NRs with the abilities of CT/MR imaging and photothermal therapy, can play an active role in imaging-guided photothermal cancer therapy.