研究目的
To investigate the electrical conductivity and conduction mechanisms in (Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3)1-x(BiScO3)x solid solutions and understand the factors controlling oxide-ion conduction in NBT-based materials.
研究成果
NBT-BS solid solutions exhibit decreased bulk conductivity with increasing BS content but maintain high oxide-ion transport numbers for x≤0.15, transitioning to mixed conduction for x≥0.20. Oxide-ion conduction cannot be fully suppressed, unlike in NBT-BA systems. The behavior is attributed to competing effects of lattice expansion and vacancy trapping, with smaller B-site acceptor ions being more effective in suppressing conduction.
研究不足
The study is limited to compositions up to x=0.25 due to solid solution limits. Oxygen vacancy concentrations are not fully controllable due to Bi2O3 loss during processing. The trapping effects and ionic size dependencies may not generalize to other oxide-ion conductors.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study uses ac impedance spectroscopy and electromotive force transport number measurements to characterize electrical properties. Solid solutions were prepared by solid-state reaction, and structural and microstructural analyses were performed using XRD and SEM.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Samples with compositions x = 0.00 to 0.25 were synthesized from raw materials including Na2CO3, Bi2O3, TiO2, and Sc2O3. Data were collected from impedance measurements under varying oxygen partial pressures and transport number measurements.
3：00 to 25 were synthesized from raw materials including Na2CO3, Bi2O3, TiO2, and Sc2OData were collected from impedance measurements under varying oxygen partial pressures and transport number measurements. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment includes Agilent E4980A impedance analyzer, Solartron 1260 system, STOE STADI-P diffractometer, Philips XL30 SEM, Probostat system for transport number measurements, and Keithley 182 voltmeter. Materials include Na2CO3 (99.5%, Fisher chemical), Bi2O3 (99.9%, Acros Organics), TiO2 (99.9%, Sigma Aldrich), Sc2O3 (99.9%, Stanford Advanced Materials), yttria-stabilized zirconia grinding media, Au paste for electrodes, and glass frit for sealing.
4：5%, Fisher chemical), Bi2O3 (9%, Acros Organics), TiO2 (9%, Sigma Aldrich), Sc2O3 (9%, Stanford Advanced Materials), yttria-stabilized zirconia grinding media, Au paste for electrodes, and glass frit for sealing. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Powders were mixed, calcined, pressed into pellets, sintered, and electrodes applied. Impedance spectra were measured in nitrogen, air, and oxygen atmospheres. Transport numbers were determined using an oxygen partial pressure gradient.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Impedance data were fitted using equivalent circuits in ZView software. Structural refinements used EXPGUI. Conductivity and activation energies were derived from Arrhenius plots.
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impedance analyser
E4980A
Agilent
Measuring electrical impedance spectra
E4980A/E4980AL Precision LCR Meter
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LCR meter
E4980 Precision LCR Meter
Agilent
Measuring dielectric properties
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voltmeter
182
Keithley
Measuring voltage in transport number experiments
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impedance analyser
1260
Solartron
Measuring electrical impedance spectra
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diffractometer
STADI-P
STOE
X-ray diffraction analysis
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SEM
XL30
Philips
Scanning electron microscopy
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system
Probostat
NorECs
Performing oxygen-ion transport number measurements
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