研究目的
To synthesize and characterize new metallophthalocyanines (MPcs) with specific substituents and study their electrical conductivity, impedance, and electronic properties using experimental and computational methods.
研究成果
The synthesized MPcs exhibit semiconductor behavior with DC conductivity increasing with temperature. AC conductivity follows a hopping model, and impedance spectra indicate a distribution of relaxation times. DFT calculations support experimental findings, showing good agreement. Compound 5 (ZnPc) has the best semiconducting properties due to its smaller HOMO-LUMO gap.
研究不足
The films may have absorbed oxygen during deposition, affecting conductivity behavior. The compounds have limited solubility in organic solvents, complicating NMR analysis. The study is constrained to specific temperature and frequency ranges, and the computational methods rely on approximations that may not fully capture all electronic properties.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved synthesizing Co(II), Zn(II), and Ni(II) phthalocyanines via cyclotetramerization of a precursor compound in dry DMF under nitrogen atmosphere. Characterization was done using elemental analysis, UV-Vis, FT-IR, MALDI-TOF mass, and 1H-NMR spectrometry. Electrical measurements (DC and AC conductivity, impedance spectra) were performed on thin films over a temperature range of 293-523 K and frequencies of 40-100 kHz in vacuum and dark conditions. DFT and TD-DFT calculations were used for theoretical analysis.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Samples were synthesized compounds 4, 5, and 6 (MPcs). Data sources include experimental measurements and computational simulations.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes CHNS-932 Elemental Analyzer (LECO), Agilent-NMR-vnmrs 600 spectrometer, VARIAN-INNOVA-400 MHz NMR, Perkin-Elmer lambda 35 spectrophotometer, Perkin Elmer Spectrum FT-IR Spectrophotometer, Voyager-DETM PRO MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer (Applied Biosystems), Keithley model 6417B electrometer, Keithley model 3330 LCZ meter, Interdigital Transducer (IDT) with gold electrodes. Materials include DMF, DMSO, metal salts (Co(OAc)2·2H2O, Zn(OAc)2·4H2O, Ni(OAc)2·4H2O), and solvents like acetonitrile, hexane.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Synthesis involved refluxing precursor with metal salts, purification by washing, and film preparation by dropping solutions onto IDT and evaporating solvent. Electrical measurements were done in a vacuum chamber with controlled temperature and frequency sweeps.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Data analysis included calculating DC conductivity from I-V curves, AC conductivity using power law, activation energies from Arrhenius plots, and impedance analysis using Cole-Cole plots. Computational data were analyzed using Gaussian09, Gaussview5.0, and Spartan08 software with DFT and TD-DFT methods.
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CHNS-932 Elemental Analyzer
CHNS-932
LECO
Performing elemental analysis for characterization of compounds
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Agilent-NMR-vnmrs 600 spectrometer
vnmrs 600
Agilent
Recording 1H-NMR spectra
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Perkin-Elmer lambda 35 spectrophotometer
lambda 35
Perkin-Elmer
Recording UV-Vis spectra
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Perkin Elmer Spectrum FT-IR Spectrophotometer
Spectrum
Perkin Elmer
Obtaining IR spectra
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Voyager-DETM PRO MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer
Voyager-DETM PRO
Applied Biosystems
Obtaining mass spectra
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Keithley model 6417B electrometer
6417B
Keithley
Measuring DC conductivity
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Keithley model 3330 LCZ meter
3330
Keithley
Measuring AC conductivity and impedance
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VARIAN-INNOVA-400 MHz NMR
INNOVA-400
VARIAN
Recording 1H-NMR spectra
-
Interdigital Transducer
Not specified
Not specified
Holding films for electrical measurements
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Gaussian09
Revision C.01
Gaussian, Inc.
Performing DFT and TD-DFT calculations
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Gaussview5.0
5.0.9
Semichem Inc.
Visualization and analysis in computational chemistry
-
Spartan08
08
Wavefunction, Inc.
Computational chemistry software
-
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