研究目的
To quantitatively verify the effectiveness of head-mounted display (HMD) experiments as an alternative to field experiments by comparing the streetscapes impression structures obtained from field experiments and HMD experiments in a virtual environment.
研究成果
The study concludes that HMD experiments effectively reproduce the impression evaluation structure of field experiments, with few significant differences in evaluation values. The three-factor structure (Openness, Balance, Activity) is consistent across both methods, and subscale scores show no significant differences. HMD experiments are a viable alternative to field experiments, offering controlled conditions and the ability to involve more subjects.
研究不足
Limitations include: (1) Potential for VR sickness with prolonged HMD use, mitigated by limiting sessions to 30 minutes. (2) HMD display may have a narrower viewing angle than human vision, though no discomfort reported. (3) Brightness overestimation in HMD due to camera exposure settings. (4) Distance underestimation in HMD due to low resolution of distant objects. Future improvements could involve better exposure control and higher resolution equipment.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study used a comparative design between field experiments and HMD-based virtual reality experiments for impression evaluation of sequential streetscapes using the semantic differential method. The rationale was to assess if HMD experiments can replicate field experiment results under controlled conditions.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Subjects were recruited for both experiments; 26 subjects for field experiments (conducted in 2013 and 2016) and 38 subjects for HMD experiments (conducted in 2016), including some overlap. The route was around Shibuya Station, with 23 evaluation points set every 30-60 meters.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included smartphones for online evaluations in field experiments, an omnidirectional camera (RICOH THETA m15) for video filming, a tripod (SLIK Pro 330 DXII) on a dolly, HMDs (Oculus Rift Development Kit 2), and software (Unity5) for video projection. Materials included the filmed videos and evaluation axes.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
For field experiments, subjects walked the route, stopped at points for 3 minutes to observe and evaluate impressions via smartphones. For HMD experiments, subjects wore HMDs while seated on rotating chairs, watched videos simulating the route, and evaluated impressions at each point with videos overlaid with evaluation items. Breaks were provided to avoid VR sickness.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using t-tests for differences in evaluation values between experiments and factor analysis (unweighted least squares method with promax rotation) to identify impression structures. Internal consistency was checked using Cronbach's alpha.
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