研究目的
To report on recent experiments with the European 1 MW, 170 GHz industrial CW and short-pulse gyrotrons for ITER, focusing on upgrades to enhance performance and status of tests.
研究成果
The experiments demonstrate successful operation of both SP and CW gyrotrons, with upgrades showing potential for increased efficiency (up to 44% in SP) and higher power outputs. The CW gyrotron achieved pulses up to 215 s at SPC, with plans to extend further. The work supports the development of high-power gyrotrons for ITER's ECRH needs.
研究不足
The experiments are limited by the available high-voltage power supply at KIT (pulse length up to 180 s), vacuum quality in modular gyrotrons potentially underestimating efficiency, and ongoing modifications to the RF coupling unit for longer pulses. Further optimization is needed for full ITER requirements.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involves testing and upgrading gyrotron prototypes for ITER, including short-pulse and continuous-wave operations, with a focus on efficiency improvements and power output. Theoretical models and numerical estimations are used for design validation.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The experiments use the SP and CW prototype gyrotrons developed by KIT and TED, with data collected from test stands at KIT and SPC.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Includes gyrotrons, superconducting magnets, high-voltage power supplies, RF coupling units, RF loads, calorimeters, and various metallic structures for upgrades.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Procedures involve operating gyrotrons with short and long pulses, optimizing magnetic field profiles, aligning electron beams, conditioning components, and measuring output power and efficiency. Upgrades include installing metallic pipes, isolated collectors, and fully metallic beam tunnels.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data analysis includes measuring output power, efficiency, beam currents, and temperatures, using diagnostics and calorimeters for power measurement.
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gyrotron
1 MW, 170 GHz CW industrial prototype
Thales Electron Devices
Generate high-power microwave radiation for electron cyclotron resonance heating in fusion devices.
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gyrotron
1 MW, 170 GHz SP modular prototype
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Short-pulse testing of gyrotron design for validation before CW development.
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superconducting magnet
Oxford Instruments
Provide the magnetic field required for gyrotron operation.
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superconducting magnet
cryogen-free
Cryogenic Ltd
Provide magnetic field for long-pulse gyrotron operation without cryogens.
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high-voltage power supply
KIT
Supply high voltage for gyrotron operation.
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RF coupling unit
RFCU
Couple the RF beam from the gyrotron to the transmission line, with mirrors for beam direction and polarization.
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RF load
1 MW matched load
IFP-CNR
Absorb and measure the gyrotron power, with cooling and stray power management.
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calorimeter
ballistic calorimeter
Measure output power during short-pulse experiments.
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XY-table
Optimize the alignment of the gyrotron with respect to the magnetic field axis.
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