研究目的
To determine liquid whole egg (LWE) quality through rapid analysis of the whole egg components (protein, lipid, moisture, and TSS) and detection of a possible LWE adulteration, and to determine all LWE components simultaneously using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics.
研究成果
The study demonstrates that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics (PLS) is effective for rapid and accurate determination of protein, lipid, moisture, and TSS in liquid egg samples. It offers advantages over traditional methods, including speed, minimal sample preparation, no use of hazardous chemicals, and environmental friendliness. The method is suitable for quality control in the food industry to prevent adulteration.
研究不足
The study is limited to liquid egg samples and may not generalize to other food matrices. The ATR-FTIR method requires specific equipment and software, which could be costly. Sample preparation, though simpler than reference methods, still involves homogenization. The models were developed with a specific set of samples and may need validation with larger or more diverse datasets.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study used ATR-FTIR spectroscopy with partial least square regression (PLS) for quantitative analysis of egg components. Calibration and validation data sets were created, and preprocessing methods like autoscale, mean center, smoothing, and baseline correction were applied to improve model performance.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
85 liquid egg samples were prepared, including liquid egg white (LEW, n=13), liquid egg yolk (LEY, n=13), liquid whole egg (LWE, n=43), and LWE adulterated with egg white or water (n=8 each). Samples were homogenized using an IKA T-18 Ultra Turrax Digital Homogenizer.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included a Thermo Nicolet iS50 FTIR spectrometer with a single-bounce diamond crystal and DTGS detector, an optical refractometer (RFM 330, Bellingham + Stanley Ltd.), and chemicals from Merck Co. for reference methods.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Reference methods (Kjeldahl for protein, AOAC for lipid and moisture, refractometer for TSS) were used to determine actual values. ATR-FTIR spectra were collected in the range of 400-4000 cm-1 in triplicate. PLS models were developed using Stand-alone Chemometrics Software (PLS Toolbox
5：0). Data Analysis Methods:
PLS regression was employed with cross-validation (Venetian Blinds). Error metrics (RMSEC, RMSECV, RMSEP) and coefficient of determination (R2) were calculated. LOD and LOQ values were determined for each component.
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