研究目的
To develop a simple and effective colorimetric method for the detection of normetanephrine, a biomarker for pheochromocytoma, using bifunctionalised gold nanoparticles.
研究成果
The developed colorimetric probe GNP1 enables simple, fast, selective, and sensitive detection of normetanephrine with a low limit of detection (0.2 mM in water, 0.52 mM in urine), making it a promising tool for early diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma tumors. Future work should focus on validation in clinical samples and potential integration into point-of-care devices.
研究不足
The method was tested only in aqueous media and synthetic urine; real human urine samples were not evaluated. The stability and performance in complex biological matrices may require further optimization. The probe's sensitivity might be affected by pH and other environmental factors not fully explored.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved synthesizing bifunctionalised gold nanoparticles (GNP1) with ligands L1 (4-(liponyloxy)benzaldehyde) and L2 (N-acetylcysteine) for selective recognition of normetanephrine (NMN) through oxazolidine formation and hydrogen bonding, leading to aggregation and color change.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Aqueous solutions of NMN at various concentrations (0-24 mM) and synthetic urine (Surine Negative Urine Control) were used.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Chemicals included HAuCl4·3H2O, sodium citrate, N-Acetyl-L-cysteine, lipoic acid, DCC, DMAP, and various biomolecules; equipment included UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-2101PC), TEM (JEOL-1010), DLS (Malvern Zetasizer ZS), FT-IR spectrometer (Cary 630), and NMR spectrometer (Bruker DRX-300).
4:0). Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Synthesis of L1 via Steglich esterification, preparation of citrate-capped AuNPs by Turkevich-Frens method, functionalization to GNP1 by ligand exchange, purification by centrifugation, and sensing studies by mixing GNP1 with NMN solutions, incubating for 6 minutes, and measuring UV-Vis spectra.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
UV-Vis spectroscopy to monitor SPR band shifts, TEM and DLS for aggregation confirmation, FT-IR for functionalization verification, and calculation of limit of detection (LOD) from absorbance ratios.
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