1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study used a hydroponic system to culture wheat plants exposed to AgNP and Ag+ in the presence of NOM (SRHA and FA) for 15 days. Methods included ICP-OES for Ag measurement, TEM-EDX for localization, and spectroscopic techniques (XPS, FTIR, fluorescence quenching) for interaction analysis.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Wheat seeds were germinated and cultured in hydroponic media. AgNP and NOM were added at specified concentrations. Data were collected from controlled experiments with replicates.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included ICP-OES (Thermo Scientific iCAP 7000), TEM (Tecnai G2 F20), XPS (K-Alpha, Thermo Fisher Scientific), FTIR (NEXUS 410, Nicolet), fluorescence spectrophotometer (RF-6000, Shimadzu), DLS (Mastersizer 2000), XRD (BRUKER D8 ADVANCE), and others. Materials included AgNP from XFNANO, SRHA from IHSS, FA from Aladdin, and wheat seeds.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Seeds were germinated, transferred to hydroponic beakers with treatments, and exposed for 15 days. Solutions were aerated and protected from light. Samples were harvested, washed, and analyzed for Ag content and other parameters.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data were analyzed using statistical methods (e.g., ANOVA), and spectroscopic data were interpreted with standard techniques (e.g., Stern-Volmer equation for fluorescence quenching).